View source for Enterprise Architecture Quarter

[[Enterprise Architecture Quarter]] (hereinafter, the ''Quarter'') is a lecture introducing the learners to [[portfolio design]] primarily through key topics related to [[enterprise architecture]]. The ''Quarter'' is the third of four lectures of [[Portfolio Quadrivium]], which is the first of seven modules of '''[[Septem Artes Administrativi]]''' (hereinafter, the ''Course''). The ''Course'' is designed to introduce the learners to general concepts in [[business administration]], [[management]], and [[organizational behavior]].


==Lecture outline==
''[[Feasibility Study Quarter]] is the predecessor lecture.  In the [[enterprise analysis]] series, the previous lecture is [[Enterprise Intelligence Quarter]].''
:[[Portfolio design]] is the [[enterprise design]] of the [[enterprise portfolio]]. This lecture concentrates on [[enterprise architecture]] because this ''architecture'' is the main outcome from this ''design''. 

===Concepts===
#'''[[Enterprise architecture]]'''. A composition of the interrelated [[enterprise business|business]]es, [[process asset]]s, [[enterprise factor]]s, and [[enterprise personnel|personnel]] that together are known as an [[enterprise]].
#*[[File:Enterprise.png|400px|thumb|right|[[Enterprise]]]][[Enterprise]]. An undertaking to create something and/or develop somebody, which takes some level of [[enterprise effort]]. In other words, an [[enterprise]] is one or more [[business]]es unified in one [[system]]. An [[enterprise]] can also refer to an [[organizational unit]], [[organization]], or collection of [[organization]]s that share [[knowledge base]]s and other [[enterprise resource]]s.
#*[[Sector]]. The market that a startup companies product or service fits into. Examples include: consumer technology, cleantech, biotech, and enterprise technology. Venture Capitalists tend to have experience investing in specific related sectors and thus tend not to invest outside of their area of expertise.
#'''[[Enterprise business]]'''. The actual or potential practice of making enterprise's profit by engaging in commerce.
#*[[Business]]. (1) An individual's regular occupation, profession, or trade; (2) The practice of making one's profit by engaging in commerce.
#*[[File:Departmentalization.png|400px|thumb|right|[[Departmentalization]]]][[Departmentalization]]. The basis by which jobs in an [[enterprise]] are grouped together.
#[[File:Efficiency-effectiveness.png|400px|thumb|right|[[Efficiency]] vs [[effectiveness]]]]'''[[Portfolio engineering]]'''. The application of scientific principles to designing and/or modifying of the [[enterprise portfolio]].
#*[[Engineering]]. The creative application of science, mathematical methods, and empirical evidence to the innovation, design, construction, operation and maintenance of [[product]]s, [[system]]s, [[process]]es, [[business]]es, and [[enterprise]]s. To simplify, [[engineering]] is the application of scientific principles to practical ends.
#*[[Startup business]] (or, simply, [[startup]]). (1) A [[business]] in its search of its [[business model]], which usually means ways not to depend on external [[funding]]; (2) An [[enterprise]] in the early stages of operations. [[Startup]]s are usually seeking to solve a [[problem]] of fill a need, but there is no hard-and-fast rule for what makes a [[startup]] since situations differ. Often, a company is considered a [[startup]] until they stop referring to themselves as a [[startup]].
#*[[Operational business]]. Any [[business]], which [[business model]] generates revenue.
#'''[[Strategic business unit]]''' ([[SBU]]). A single independent [[business]] of an organization that formulates its own [[competitive strategy]].
#*[[SBU market]]. A [[target market]] of a [[strategic business unit]] ([[SBU]]). Any [[SBU]] handles one or more [[target market]]s, which on which other [[SBU]]s of the same [[enterprise]] rarely target.
#*[[SBU resource]]. A [[resource]] of a [[strategic business unit]] ([[SBU]]).
#*[[SBU business]]. A [[business]] of a [[strategic business unit]] ([[SBU]]). Any [[SBU]] handles one or more [[business]]es, but any of those shall use the same [[competitive strategy]].
#[[File:Porter-curve.png|400px|thumb|right|Profitability curve for [[competitive strategy|competitive strategi]]es]]'''[[Competitive strategy]]'''. A formulated [[strategy]] for how a [[strategic business unit]] is going to compete. This formulation usually states which one of four types of [[competitive strategy|competitive strategi]]es the [[strategic business unit]] is going to pursue, what it considers as its [[competitive advantage]] or [[competitive advantage|advantage]]s, defines its [[business model]], and may or may not include (a) what products, (c) resulted from what production, (d) at what price, (e) using what presentation and promotion, (f) on what [[market]] or [[market]]s with regard to the region or regions and/or segment or segments of customers, (g) with what front-end office personnel, (h) with what level of [[enterprise]]'s support this enterprise is going to offer, as well as (i) what financial results and/or competitors' actions would trigger what changes in those decisions. Rarely, a mature [[enterprise]] formulates just one [[competitive strategy]]; usually, there are several [[Competitive strategy|competitive strategi]]es in the [[enterprise portfolio]] since different [[strategic business unit]]s are supposed to have their own [[Competitive strategy|competitive strategi]]es.
#*[[Core competency]]. An organization's major value-creating capability that determines its competitive weapons.
#*[[Competitive advantage]]. What sets an enterprise apart; its distinctive edge.
#'''[[Cost leadership strategy]]'''. The [[competitive strategy]] that strives to achieve the lowest [[cost of operation]] in the industry. The lowest cost of operation is usually driven by (a) significant [[economy of scale]], which requires a substantial [[market share]], and/or (b) [[learning curve]], which requires substantial experience in the [[operations]]. The lowest costs do not necessarily mean the lowest prices; a [[cost leadership strategy]] is about two [[competitive advantage]]s: (1) [[business opportunity|business opportuniti]]es to lower prices when and if the competition requires it and (2) maximization of the difference between [[sales]] and [[cost of operation]].
#*[[Mass production]]. The production of items in large batches.
#*[[Mass customization]]. Providing customers with a product when, where, and how they want it.
#*[[Exporting]]. Making products domestically and selling them abroad.
#*[[Importing]]. Acquiring products made abroad and selling them domestically.
#'''[[Differentiation strategy]]'''. The [[competitive strategy]] that strives to charge high prices. These high prices are commonly driven by unique features (or differences) of the [[product]] that are offered for sale on the [[market]]. [[Customer]]s usually are willing to pay high prices when [[product]]s are uniquely desirable.
#*[[First mover]]. An enterprise that's first to bring a product innovation to the market or to use a new process innovation.
#[[File:Competitive-strategies.png|400px|thumb|right|[[Competitive strategy|Competitive strategi]]es]]'''[[Focus strategy]]'''. The [[competitive strategy]] that strives to offer specialized [[product]]s on a [[niche market]].
#*[[Cost focus]]. A [[focus strategy]] that strives to achieve the lowest [[cost of operation]] on the [[niche market]].
#*[[Differentiation focus]]. A [[focus strategy]] that strives to charge high prices on the [[niche market]].
#'''[[Innovation]]'''. Taking [[change idea]]s and turning them into new products, product features, production methods, pricing strategies, and ways of [[enterprise administration]].
#*[[Sustaining innovation]]. Small and incremental changes in established products rather than dramatic breakthroughs.
#*[[Disruptive innovation]] (or [[disruption]]). [[Innovation]]s in [[product]]s or [[process]]es that radically change existing [[market]]s including an industry's rules of the game.
#'''[[Exit strategy]]'''. An [[enterprise strategy]] that seeks to withdraw an [[enterprise]] out of a particular [[business]] at the lowest cost and biggest gain. With regard to [[startup business]]es, this is how their founders usually get rich. An [[exit strategy]] is the method by which an investor and/or entrepreneur intends to "exit" their investment in a company. Commons options are an [[IPO]] or [[buyout]] from another company. Entrepreneurs and [[venture capitalist]]s often develop an [[exit strategy]] while the [[startup business]] is still growing.
#*[[Buyout]]. A common [[exit strategy]]. The purchase of a company's shares that gives the purchaser controlling interest in the company.
#*[[Liquidation]]. The process of dissolving a company by selling off all of its assets (making them liquid).
#*[[IPO]]. Initial public offering. The first time shares of stock in a company are offered on a securities exchange or to the general public. At this point, a private company turns into a public company (and is no longer a startup).
#*[[Harvesting]]. Exiting a venture when an entrepreneur hopes to capitalize financially on the investment in the future.

===Roles===
#'''[[Enterprise architect]]'''. A practitioner of [[enterprise architecture]].

===Instruments===
[[File:Bcg-matrix.png|400px|thumb|right|[[BCG matrix]]]]
#'''[[BCG matrix]]'''. A strategy tool that guides resource allocation decisions on the basis of market share and growth rate of [[strategic business unit]]s.

===Results===
#'''[[Enterprise portfolio]]'''. A collection of all [[business]]es in which a particular [[enterprise]] operates.
#*[[Portfolio]]. A range of investments held by a [[legal entity]], an individual or organization.
#'''[[Enterprise strategy]]'''. The plan for how the [[enterprise]] will engage or keep engaged in one or more [[business]]es, how it will do what it's in business to do, how it will compete successfully, and how it will attract and satisfy its customers in order to achieve its goals. An [[enterprise strategy]] for a separate business of the [[enterprise]] is called [[business strategy]]. An [[enterprise strategy]] for a separate unit of the enterprise, known as [[strategic business unit]], is called [[competitive strategy]].

===Practices===

''[[Change Management Quarter]] is the successor lecture. In the [[enterprise design]] series, the next lecture is [[Business Modeling Quarter]].''

==Materials==
===Recorded audio===
===Recorded video===
===Live sessions===
===Texts and graphics===

==See also==