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| − | [[Introduction to Employment]] (hereinafter, the ''Session'') is a learning session introducing its participants to [[employment]] and related topics. The ''Session'' consists of six [[lesson]]s, each of which is made of three to five lesson parts, called [[lectio]]s. Every [[lectio]] includes a [[presentation]] and a survey, not a quiz. The official version of the ''Session'' is published at [[CNM Cert]]. Its materials are also published at [[CNM Page]], [[CNM Wiki]], and various channels for marketing and convenience purposes. | + | The [[Book of Employment]] (hereinafter, the ''Session'') is the learning session that has been created to introduce its participants to [[employment]] and related topics. The ''Session'' addresses general concepts of [[employment]] and how these concepts apply to [[CNMCyber]] work environment. The ''Session'' consists of five [[lesson]]s, each of which is made of three to six [[lectio]]s. At [[CNMCyber]], a [[lectio]] is a [[lectio|lesson part]]. |
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| − | [[File:Educaship-pipeline.png|400px|thumb|[[WorldOpp Pipeline]]]]The ''Session'' is the second of eight sessions of '''[[CNM Cyber Orientation]]'''. | + | [[File:Educaship-pipeline.png|400px|thumb|[[WorldOpp Pipeline]]]]The official version of the ''Session'' is published on [[CNM Cert]]. The ''Session'' materials are also published on [[CNM Tube]], [[CNM Wiki]], and various channels for marketing and convenience purposes. The ''Session'' belongs to '''[[EmployableU Concepts]]'''. |
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| − | ==Outline== | + | ==Summaries== |
| − | ''In the [[CNM Cyber Orientation]], the [[CNM_Cyber_Orientation#Orientation_Preview|Orientation Preview]] is the predecessor session.''
| + | ===Predecessor=== |
| | + | :The predecessor session is [[WorldOpp Orientation]]. |
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| − | ===Employment Essentials=== | + | ===Outline=== |
| − | :''Main wikipage: [[Employment Essentials]]; [https://youtu.be/VncYRPGLyvQ video (9:35)]'' | + | :{|class="wikitable" width=100% style="text-align:center;" |
| | + | |+[[Introduction to Employment]] |
| | + | !# |
| | + | |width=25%|[[Lesson]]s |
| | + | ![[Lectio]]s |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |1 |
| | + | ![[Employment Essentials]] |
| | + | |[[What Employment Is]], [[Work Sellers]], [[Volunteer Workers]], [[Student Workers]], [[Employee Remunerations]], [[Labor Relations]] |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |2 |
| | + | ![[Industries and Specialties]] |
| | + | |[[What Economy Is]], [[Economy Segments]], [[What Industry Is]], [[Groupings of Employers]], [[Professional Specialties]] |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |3 |
| | + | ![[Nature of Occupations]] |
| | + | |[[What Occupation Is]], [[Personalities and Work]], [[Occupational Interests]], [[Core Occupations]] |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |4 |
| | + | ![[Nature of Work]] |
| | + | |[[Work Characteristics]], [[Work Arrangements]], [[Job Dimensions]], [[Task Attributes]], [[Workplace Conditions]] |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |5 |
| | + | ![[Labor Regulations]] |
| | + | |[[Labor Laws]], [[Protected Groups]], [[Who Whistleblower Is]] |
| | + | |} |
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| − | :'''[[Employment]]'''. In the workspace, [[employment]] is an [[agreement]] between an [[employer]], who agrees to compensate an [[employee]] in exchange for his or her work time, and an [[employee]], who agrees to follow the [[employer]]'s directions during work hours in exchange for the [[employee compensation]], as well as a process and/or result of that exchange.<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
| + | ===Successor=== |
| − | :*[[File:Employment-motivation.png|400px|thumb|right|[[Employment motivation model]]]]'''[[Employment motivation model]]'''. A framework for analyzing employment motivation that identifies three domains that contribute to the motivation to work. These domains include the job itself, its [[Employee compensation|compensation]], and its fit to one's life.</div> | + | :The successor session is [[Introduction to Recruitment]]. |
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| − | :'''[[Worktime seller]]'''. Any individual who is in the business of selling his or her work time to [[employer]]s. The sellers include [[employee]]s, [[employment candidate]]s, and pretty much every seller on the [[job market]].<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
| + | ==2019 Preview presentation== |
| − | :*[[File:Employment.png|400px|thumb|right|[[Employment]]]]'''[[Employee]]''' (in the United States, also known as a [[employee|W2-employee]]). Any individual employed by an [[employer]] for some compensation that most likely includes [[wages]] or a [[salary]].
| + | :The video preview presentation, 1:11 minutes, is published on https://youtu.be/CBuSoaw11cQ. Here is its full text:<blockquote><p>Preview of introduction to employment session. In employment session we will talk about employment in general, we will talk about different industries, we will touch a little bit [[labor law]]. [[Labor law]] can be a separate course, we will touch different employment roles including employees and private contractors, self-employed, apprentice and volunteers, we will talk and classify different [[occupation]]s. We will discuss work environments including employment motivation model, job characteristics model. We will talk about task structures and we will end up with competencies needed at work including [[occupation-required competency|occupation-required competenci]]es, industry related and we will end up with administrative competencies. Next we will go to [[Introduction to Recruitment]] as the successor session.</p></blockquote> |
| − | :*[[File:Contracting.png|400px|thumb|right|[[Independent contractor]]]]'''[[Independent contractor]]''' (in the [[United States]], also known as a [[1099-form worker]]) is a [[contractor]], who is an [[individual]] who provides any [[legal entity]] with his or her [[product]]s, usually, [[service]]s. The ''Contractor's products'' are specified under terms of a [[contract]] or a verbal agreement.
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| − | :*[[File:Employee-vs-contractor.png|400px|thumb|right|[[Independent contractor]] vs [[employee]]]][[File:Org-struct.png|400px|thumb|right|[[Functional structure]]]]'''[[Self-employed]]'''. The state of working for oneself as a freelance or the owner of a business rather than for an employer.
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| − | :*'''[[Apprentice]]'''. Any [[employee]] who is not fully qualified to perform his or her workload, but agreed to work usually for a part of the fully-skilled worker compensation under the condition of educational assistance to gain the needed [[work-related competence]].
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| − | :*'''[[Volunteer]]'''. A person who does something, especially helping other people, willingly and without being forced or paid to do it.
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| − | :*'''[[Employment candidate]]'''. Any candidate in a search for [[employment]] as an [[employee]].</div>
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| − | :'''[[Intern]]'''. A student in some professional field or recent graduate from an educational program gaining supervised practical experience in the workplace.<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
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| − | :*'''[[Paid intern]]'''. An [[intern]] who is compensated for his or her work time at a regular employee level or some percentage of regular employee compensation.
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| − | :*'''[[Unpaid intern]]'''. An [[intern]] who is not compensated for his or her work time.</div>
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| − | :'''[[Employee compensation]]''' ([[Employee compensation|total compensation]], [[Employee compensation|total employee compensation]], [[Employee compensation|compensation and benefits]] or [[Employee compensation|C&B]]) is the aggregate of [[cash compensation]] and [[employee benefit]]s that an [[employee]] receives or can expect to receive in exchange for the service he or she performs for their [[employer]] and/or for his or her time spent on the [[employer]]'s request. [[Total compensation]] may also refer to the total amount of [[employee compensation]].<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
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| − | :*'''[[Cash compensation]]'''. Any monetary reward that an employee receives in exchange for the service he or she performs for their employer and/or for his or her time. Usually, [[cash compensation]] includes some combination of (a) [[guaranteed pay]] such as wage/salary and/or cash allowances and/or (b) [[variable pay]] such as commissions, incentives, and/or [[bonus]]es.
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| − | :*'''[[Employee benefit]]'''. Any monetary reward that an [[employee]] receives in exchange for the service he or she performs for their [[employer]] and/or for his or her time. The benefits may include [[paid time off]], [[retirement plan]], [[medical insurance]], [[life insurance]], [[disability insurance]], [[take-resource benefit]] such as a take-home car, snacks, and tickets, as well as [[equity-based compensation]] such as [[employee stock ownership plan]]s.</div>
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| − | :'''[[Labor relations]]'''. The [[attitude]]s, [[motivation]]s, and [[behavior]]s that two or more [[job-market actor]]s assume toward each another, as well as the systematic study of those [[attitude]]s, [[motivation]]s, and [[behavior]]s. In the [[United States]], the ''Relations'' mostly refer to activities between [[employer]]s and [[labor organization]]s concerning the negotiation or implementation of a [[collective bargaining agreement]] ([[collective bargaining agreement|CBA]]).<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
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| − | :*'''[[Labor organization]]'''. Any organization of any kind, or any agency or employee representation committee or plan, in which employees participate and which exists for the purpose, in whole or in part, of dealing with employers concerning grievances, labor disputes, wages, rates of pay, hours of employment, or conditions of work.
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| − | :*'''[[Labor union]]'''. An association of employees that represents a [[bargaining unit]] to negotiate, execute, and/or manage a [[collective bargaining agreement]].
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| − | :*'''[[Collective bargaining agreement]]''' ([[Collective bargaining agreement|CBA]]). A written and signed document between an employer entity and a [[labor organization]] specifying the terms and conditions of employment for a specified period.</div>
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| − | ===Industries and Specialties===
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| − | :''Main wikipage: [[Industries and Specialties]]''
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| − | :'''[[Economy]]'''. The system of human production and consumption of [[raw material]]s, goods, and services, which may range from the prosperity of a single household to the wealth of nations. The term, [[economy]], may also refer to the way of how wealth is generally created and used or, particularly, to the careful use and management of money, time, energy, etc.<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
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| − | :*'''[[Public sector]]''' ([[state sector]]).
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| − | :*'''[[Private sector]]''' ([[citizen sector]]).
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| − | :*'''[[Nonprofit sector]]''' ([[civic sector]], [[community sector]], [[social sector]], [[third sector]], [[voluntary sector]]). </div>
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| − | :'''[[Economy segment]]'''. An area of the [[economy]]. Two major conventional classifications divide [[enterprise]]s in:<ol type="a"><li>Three groups, the [[public sector]], [[private sector]], and [[nonprofit sector]], depending on their ownership.</li><li>Three or four groups, the [[primary sector]], [[secondary sector]], [[tertiary sector]], and, optionally, [[quaternary sector]], in which [[enterprise]]s are grouped based on a type of produced [[product]]s. This classification also fits into economic phases of precedence, since lower levels of the [[economy]] emerged before higher levels and higher levels depend on lower ones. However, every [[enterprise]] usually produces some mix of products, so it can belong to several ''segments''.</li></ol>Both classifications use the same term, ''sector.'' Neither of the classifications takes single households into account.<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
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| − | :*'''[[Primary sector]]''' ([[primary degree of the economy]], [[primary stage of the economy]]). The [[economy segment]] that groups those [[enterprise]]s that extract from nature, renew, and pre-process those [[raw material]]s or substances such as agriculture and mining products that the [[manufacturing industry]] will further process to create those goods and services that can be eventually consumed by [[end-user]]s.
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| − | :*'''[[Secondary sector]]''' ([[secondary degree of the economy]], [[secondary stage of the economy]]). The [[economy segment]] that groups those [[enterprise]]s that produce physical goods to be eventually consumed by [[end-user]]s.
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| − | :*'''[[Tertiary sector]]''' ([[tertiary degree of the economy]], [[tertiary stage of the economy]]). The [[economy segment]] that groups those [[enterprise]]s that produce physical, non-digital services such as retail, tourism, traditional banking, entertainment, etc.
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| − | :*'''[[Quaternary sector]]''' ([[quaternary degree of the economy]], [[quaternary stage of the economy]]). One of two:<ol type="a"><li>The [[economy segment]] that groups those [[enterprise]]s that produce digital products; OR</li><li>The [[economy segment]] that groups those [[enterprise]]s that do research and design new products.</li></ol></div>
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| − | :'''[[Industry]]'''. The part of any [[economy segment]] that groups those [[enterprise]]s that create a particular type of [[product]].<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
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| − | :*'''[[Industry relations]]'''. The systematic study of [[attitude]]s, [[motivation]]s, and [[behavior]]s that two or more [[legal entity|legal entiti]]es within the same [[industry]] assume toward each another.
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| − | :*'''[[Industry constituency]]'''. Any group of [[legal entity|legal entiti]]es that are involved in, served by, patronize, support, offer representation, or are likely to be involved, served, patronize, support, or offer representation for a particular [[industry]].</div>
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| − | :'''[[Industrial classification]]'''. Any economic taxonomy that groups [[business]]es based on their products and/or production processes, as well as on their selling, marketing, and/or social appealing techniques into [[industry|industri]]es. There are a few taxonomies; [[CNM Cyber]] utilizes its own [[CNM industry classification]].<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
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| − | :*'''[[Raw materials industry]]'''. An alternative name for the [[primary sector]].
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| − | :*'''[[Infrastructure industry]]'''. The [[industry]] that groups those [[enterprise]]s that supply and present all substances, materials, and properties such as energy, water, buildings, and roads that human beings, other entities, and their equipment are needed to function, as well as dispose and/or utilize the processed substances, materials, and properties. This industry includes both construction and utility [[enterprise]]s.
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| − | :*'''[[Manufacturing industry]]'''. The [[industry]] that groups those [[enterprise]]s that process [[raw material]]s into those goods and services such as food, clothing, paper, and machinery, that can be eventually consumed by [[end-user]]s.
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| − | :*'''[[Transportation industry]]'''. The [[industry]] that groups those [[enterprise]]s that deliver human beings and goods from one geographical point to another. In addition to transport [[enterprise]]s, this industry includes [[warehouse|warehousing]] and postal services.
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| − | :*'''[[Digital industry]]'''. The [[industry]] that groups those [[enterprise]]s that produce software and/or provide their customers with software-based services such as broadcasting, telecommunication, multimedia, data processing.
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| − | :*'''[[Market exchange industry]]'''. The [[industry]] that groups those [[enterprise]]s that buy, sell, and/or support the market exchange of products that have been produced by other entities. This industry includes franchising, real estate, [[wholesale trade|wholesale]], [[retail trade]] [[enterprise]]s.
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| − | :*'''[[Enterprise support industry]]'''. The [[industry]] that groups those [[enterprise]]s that support [[enterprise effort]]s through banking, insurance, investment management, accounting, management consulting, and legal services.
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| − | :*'''[[Public service industry]]'''. The [[industry]] that groups those [[enterprise]]s that provide the general public with defense, public administration, public safety, and compulsory social security services.
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| − | :*'''[[Healthcare industry]]'''. The [[industry]] that groups those [[enterprise]]s that provide their customers with pharmacy and medical services.
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| − | :*'''[[Human development industry]]'''. The [[industry]] that groups those [[enterprise]]s that provide its customers with educational, training, or community outreach services.
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| − | :*'''[[Living-sustaining industry]]'''. The [[industry]] that groups those [[enterprise]]s that provide its customers with cleaning, entertainment, library, recreation, rental, tourism, wellness and other living-sustaining services.</div>
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| − | :'''[[Professional specialty]]'''. A subject that is the area of expertise of some professional.<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
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| − | :*'''[[Arts professional]]'''. The [[professional]] who engages in the creative [[art]]s for a living.
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| − | :*'''[[Finance professional]]'''. The [[professional]] who engages in finance for a living.
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| − | :*'''[[Health professional]]'''. The [[professional]] who engages in health care and wellness for a living.
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| − | :*'''[[Human development professional]]'''. The [[professional]] who engages in human development for a living.
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| − | :*'''[[Information professional]]'''. The [[professional]] who engages in the for information administration, ownership, and/or management a living.
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| − | :*'''[[Law professional]]'''. The [[professional]] who engages in the law for a living.
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| − | :*'''[[Marketplace professional]]'''. The [[professional]] who engages in the market exchanges for a living.
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| − | :*'''[[Media professional]]'''. The [[professional]] who engages in the media for a living.
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| − | :*'''[[Project professional]]'''. The [[professional]] who engages in project administration, ownership, and/or management for a living.
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| − | :*'''[[Property administrator]]'''. The [[professional]] who engages in property administration for a living.
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| − | :*'''[[Research professional]]'''. The [[professional]] who engages in the research for a living.</div>
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| − | ===Nature of Occupations===
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| − | :''Main wikipage: [[Nature of Occupations]]; [https://youtu.be/bVNQOFVsPyQ video (6:09)]''
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| − | :'''[[Occupation]]'''. The regular activity that a person undertakes to earn his or her livelihood. That activity can be a job, profession, or position that somebody works in. Entrepreneurs may acknowledge their [[occupation]] as [[self-employed]].<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
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| − | :*'''[[Occupational Information Network]]'''. A free web-based resource that contains data for various [[occupation]]s that can be helpful for students, job seekers, businesses and workforce development professionals to understand today's world of [[employment]] in the [[United States]]. It particularly uses [[Holland Occupational Themes]] in its "Interests" section.
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| − | :*'''[[Occupational Outlook Handbook]]'''. A publication of the [[United States Department of Labor]]'s Bureau of Labor Statistics that includes information about the nature of work, working conditions, training and education, earnings and job outlook for hundreds of different occupations in the [[United States]].</div>
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| − | :'''[[Occupation list]]'''. Any attempt to classify various [[occupation]]s. No one can be considered 'complete' or 'final.'<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
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| − | :*'''[[Assistant]]'''. Someone who helps someone else to do a job. As an [[adjective]], this term can also be used to indicate that someone holds a less important position in an [[organization]] than another person without this adjective, ''assistant'', in his or her job title.
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| − | :*'''[[Clerk]]'''. Someone who works in an office, dealing with records and/or performing general customer support and/or document management duties.
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| − | :*'''[[Consultant]]'''. Someone who advises other people and/or [[enterprise]]s on one or more particular subjects. A [[consultant]] can also be defined as a [[specialist]] and [[social worker]] combined. Advanced [[consultant]]s tend to be [[subject matter expert]]s on the one hand and skilled in working with people on the other hand.
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| − | :*'''[[Laborer]]'''. Someone who does physical work, which requires those [[KSA]]s that can be learned fast and easily.
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| − | :*'''[[Manager]]'''. Someone who achieves those goals that are assigned to him or her through his or her subordinates.
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| − | :*'''[[Operator]]'''. Someone who makes something like machinery or other equipment work or puts something into action.
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| − | :*'''[[Originator]]'''. Someone who creates and shapes new concepts, as well as makes them real or participates in the developments of real [[deliverable]]s often as a [[product owner]].
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| − | :*'''[[Service worker]]''' ([[social service worker]], [[pink-collar worker]]). Someone whose labor is related to social interaction and/or other service-oriented work. [[Service worker]]s can be engaged in customer support, entertainment, sales, social work, etc.
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| − | :*'''[[Specialist]]'''. Someone who has significant experience, knowledge, or skill in a particular subject.
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| − | :*'''[[Technician]]'''. Someone whose job is to make sure that machinery, other equipment, and pieces of technology such as laboratories work correctly, which may include making them work if they don't.
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| − | :*'''[[Trades worker]]'''. Someone who is practically skilled in some area of advanced physical work like carpentering, construction, equipment installing, plumbing, printing, and welding, carries out his or her work by hand and has learned his or her skill completely or primarily on the job in at least one year and, usually, from some mentor.</div>
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| − | :[[File:Holland-themes.png|400px|thumb|[[Holland Occupational Themes]]]]'''[[Holland Occupational Themes]]'''. Consultant, manager, specialist. <div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
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| − | :*'''[[Experiential occupation]]''' ([[Experiential occupation|realistic occupation]], [[Experiential occupation|motoric occupation]]). An [[occupation]] that frequently involves work activities that include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the [[occupation]]s require working outside and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others. Examples of that type of [[occupation]]s may include a carpenter, engineer, farmer, [[operator]], [[technician]], [[tester]], and [[trades worker]]. Collectively, they may be called "doers;" in ancient times, they would have been hunters.
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| − | :*'''[[Investigative occupation]]''' ([[Investigative occupation|intellectual occupation]]). An [[occupation]] that frequently involves working with [[idea]]s and requires an extensive amount of thinking. These [[occupation]]s can involve searching for facts and figuring out problems mentally. Examples of that type of [[occupation]]s may include an auditor, [[business analyst]], [[compliance officer]], [[cost estimator]], [[editor]], inspector, [[interviewer]], and lawyer. Collectively, they may be called "thinkers;" in ancient times, they would have been shamans.
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| − | :*'''[[Artistic occupation]]''' ([[Artistic occupation|esthetic occupation]]). An [[occupation]] that frequently involves working with forms, designs and patterns. They often require self-expression and the work can be done without following a clear set of rules. Examples of that type of [[occupation]]s may include an artist, composer, creative writer, designer, [[enterprise architect]], and [[originator]]. Collectively, they may be called "innovators;" in ancient times, they would have been artisans.
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| − | :*'''[[Social occupation]]''' ([[Social occupation|supportive occupation]]). An [[occupation]] that frequently involves working with, communicating with, and teaching people. These [[occupation]]s often involve helping or providing service to others. Examples of that type of [[occupation]]s may include a [[career counselor]], [[job coach]], [[mediator]], sales representative, [[service worker]], and teacher. Collectively, they may be called "helpers;" in ancient times, they would have been healers.
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| − | :*'''[[Enterprising occupation]]''' ([[Enterprising occupation|persuasive occupation]]). An [[occupation]] that frequently involves starting up and carrying out [[project]]s. These [[occupation]]s can involve leading people and making many decisions. Sometimes they require risk taking and often deal with business. Examples of that type of [[occupation]]s may include an [[architect]], [[product owner]], and [[self-employed]]. Collectively, they may be called "creators;" in ancient times, they would have been leaders.
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| − | :*'''[[Conventional occupation]]''' ([[Conventional occupation|conforming occupation]]). An [[occupation]] that frequently involves following set procedures and routines. These [[occupation]]s can include working with data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow. Examples of that type of [[occupation]]s may include an [[accountant]], [[assistant]], [[bookkeeper]], [[clerk]], [[document management specialist]], [[laborer]], and technical writer. Collectively, they may be called "organizers;" in ancient times, they would have been guardians.</div>
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| − | ===Work Environments===
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| − | :''Main wikipage: [[Work Environments]]; [https://youtu.be/r--p5fmz4TA video (5:29)]''
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| − | :'''[[Work arrangement]]'''. An [[agreement]] to arrange one's work schedule, method, or load.<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
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| − | :*'''[[Compressed workweek]]'''. A workweek where employees work longer hours per day but fewer days per week.
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| − | :*'''[[Flextime]]''' (or [[flexible work hours]]). A scheduling system in which employees are required to work a specific number of hours a week but are free to vary those hours within certain limits.
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| − | :*'''[[Telecommuting]]'''. Working remotely at least 2 days a week on a computer that is linked to the employer's office.
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| − | :*'''[[Job sharing]]'''. (1) An arrangement that allows two or more individuals to split a full-time job; (2) The practice of having 1).</div>
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| − | :[[File:Job-characteristics.png|400px|thumb|right|[[Job characteristics model]]]]'''[[Job characteristics model]]'''. The framework for analyzing and designing jobs that identifies five [[core job dimension]]s, their interrelationships, and their impact on outcomes. These [[core job dimension]]s include [[skill variety]], [[task identity]], [[task significance]], [[autonomy]], and [[feedback]].<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
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| − | :*'''[[Skill variety]]'''. The degree to which a job requires a variety of activities so that an employee can use several different skills and talents.
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| − | :*'''[[Task identity]]'''. The degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work.
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| − | :*'''[[Task significance]]'''. The degree to which a job has a substantial impact on the lives or work of other people.
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| − | :*'''[[Autonomy]]'''. The degree to which a job provides substantial freedom, independence, and discretion to the individual in scheduling work and determining the procedures to be used in carrying it out.
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| − | :*'''[[Feedback]]'''. The degree to which carrying out the work activities required by job results in the individual obtaining direct and clear information about the effectiveness of his or her performance.</div>
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| − | :'''[[Task structure]]'''. A set of structural job characteristics with which the worker interacts.<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
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| − | :*'''[[Consequence of error]]'''. How serious would the result usually be if the worker made a mistake that was not readily correctable?
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| − | :*'''[[Degree of automation]]'''. How automated is the job?
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| − | :*'''[[Freedom to make decisions]]'''. How much decision making freedom, without supervision, does the job offer?
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| − | :*'''[[Frequency of decision-making]]'''. How frequently is the worker required to make decisions that affect other people, the financial resources, and/or the image and reputation of the organization?
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| − | :*'''[[Impact on enterprise]]'''. What results do your decisions usually have on other people or the image or reputation or financial resources of your employer?
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| − | :*'''[[Importance of being exact]]''' (or accurate). How important is being very exact or highly accurate in performing this job?
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| − | :*'''[[Importance of repeating same tasks]]'''. How important is repeating the same physical activities (e.g., key entry) or mental activities (e.g., checking entries in a ledger) over and over, without stopping, to performing this job?
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| − | :*'''[[Level of competition]]'''. To what extent does this job require the worker to compete or to be aware of competitive pressures?
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| − | :*'''[[Structured versus unstructured work]]'''. To what extent is this job structured for the worker, rather than allowing the worker to determine tasks, priorities, and goals?
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| − | :*'''[[Time pressure]]'''. How often does this job require the worker to meet strict deadlines? How important is it to this job that the pace is determined by the speed of equipment or machinery? (This does not refer to keeping busy at all times on this job.)
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| − | :*'''[[Work schedule]]'''. How regular are the work schedules for this job and what is the number of hours typically worked in one week?
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| − | :*'''[[Work virtualization]]'''. The degree to which work is done remotely rather than at some specific physical location.</div>
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| − | ===Work Competences===
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| − | :''Main wikipage: [[Work Competences]]; [https://youtu.be/ASCPTTdwjj8 video (3:49)]''
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| − | :[[File:Work-related-competence.png|400px|thumb|[[Work-related competence]]]]'''[[Work-related competence]]'''. [[Competence]] needed to perform productively in a particular [[occupation]] and, often, in a particular [[industry]].<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
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| − | :*'''[[Occupation-required competence]]'''. [[Competence]] required for a particular [[occupation]].
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| − | :*'''[[Industry-related competence]]'''. [[Competence]] related to work in a particular [[industry]].</div>
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| − | :'''[[Administrative competence]]'''. [[Competence]] needed to undertake [[enterprise effort]]s conceptually, regardless of specific [[industry]] or [[occupation]].<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
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| − | :*'''[[Operational competence]]''' ([[technical competence]], [[technical skills]]). [[Knowledge, skills, and abilities]] needed to perform the most of jobs. That competence includes one's capacity to read, write, analyze, use computers, etc.
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| − | :*'''[[Interpersonal competence]]''' ([[human competence]], [[interpersonal skills]], [[people skills]]). [[Knowledge, skills, and abilities]] needed to work with other people individually and in a group. That competence includes one's capacity to listen actively, communicate, understand other's motivation, etc.
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| − | :*'''[[Enterprise competence]]''' ([[organizational competence]], [[organizational skills]], [[conceptual competence]]). [[Knowledge, skills, and abilities]] needed to undertake [[enterprise effort]]s as well as to work in and with [[enterprise]]s. That competence includes one's capacity to navigate [[organization]]s and [[bureaucracy|bureaucraci]]es, plan resources, research for and execute [[regulatory compliance]], etc.</div>
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| − | ===Labor Regulations===
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| − | :''Main wikipage: [[Labor Regulations]]''
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| − | | |
| − | :'''[[Labor law]]''' ([[Labor law|labour law]], [[Labor law|employment law]]). A set of government rules that regulate relationships between [[employee]]s, [[employer]]s, trade unions and the government. Government agencies usually enforce that set of laws.<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
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| − | :*'''[[National Labor Relations Act]]''' ([[National Labor Relations Act|Wagner Act]]). The cornerstone of the [[United States]] federal [[labor law]]. The act was the first in history to give most [[private sector|private-sector]] [[employee]]s the right to organize into unions, to bargain collectively with employers, to define unfair labor practices by employers, and to create the [[NLRB]].
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| − | :*'''[[Fair Labor Standards Act]]''' ([[Fair Labor Standards Act|FLSA]]). The [[labor law]] that requires employers to pay covered employees at least the federal minimum wage and overtime pay of one-and-one-half-times the regular rate of pay for work exceeding a 40-hour week.
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| − | :*'''[[Civil Rights Act]]'''. The federal law that established the [[Equal Employment Opportunity Commission]] ([[EEOC]]).
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| − | :*'''[[Occupational Safety and Health Act]]''' ([[Occupational Safety and Health Act|OSH Act]]). The [[labor law]] that encourages safer workplace conditions in the [[United States]]. This law established the federal [[Occupational Safety and Health Administration]] ([[OSHA]]) to set standards and perform inspections at job sites. In some states, an OSHA-approved state agency helps enforce job safety standards, which must be at least as stringent as federal guidelines.
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| − | :*'''[[Americans with Disabilities Act]]''' ([[ADA]]). Passed by the [[United States Congress]] and signed by President George H.W. Bush in 1990, this [[labor law]] is the nation's first comprehensive civil rights law addressing the needs of people with disabilities, prohibiting discrimination in employment, public services, public accommodations, and telecommunications.
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| − | :*'''[[Family and Medical Leave Act]]''' ([[FMLA]]). Passed by the [[United States Congress]] and signed by President Bill Clinton in 1993, this [[labor law]] affords eligible employees up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave per year if they decide to stay home in the wake of their child's birth or adoption, or serious personal or family member illness. The law only applies to businesses that employ at least 50 employees within a 75-mile radius. To receive FMLA benefits, an employee must have been with the employer for at least one year and worked at least 1,250 hours during the past 12 months.</div>
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| − | | |
| − | :'''[[Whistleblower]]'''. A person who exposes secretive information or activity that is deemed illegal or unethical. In some countries, [[labor law]]s protect [[whistleblower]]s from potential retaliation that may otherwise include termination of employment, demotion, suspension, threats or harassment, and discrimination.<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
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| − | :*'''[[OSHA's Whistleblower Protection Program]]'''. The main application that is responsible for protecting the rights of employees, who may fear job loss or other reprisals if they speak up. Workers who feel they have suffered retribution for reporting company violations should file a complaint with their local OSHA office within 30 days of the incident.
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| − | :*'''[[Whistleblower Protection Act]]'''. The federal [[labor law]] that was initially enacted in 1989 and enhanced in 2012 that specifically protects those people who work for the [[United States Federal Government]] and report on illegal or improper activities conducted by this government or its parts.</div>
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| − | | |
| − | ''[[Introduction to Recruitment]] is the successor session.''
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| − | ==Preview presentations== | |
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| − | ===Video===
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| − | :The video preview presentation, 1:11 minutes, is published at https://youtu.be/CBuSoaw11cQ. Here is its full text:<blockquote><p>Preview of introduction to employment session. In employment session we will talk about employment in general, we will talk about different industries, we will touch a little bit [[labor law]]. [[Labor law]] can be a separate course, we will touch different employment roles including employees and private contractors, self-employed, apprentice and volunteers, we will talk and classify different [[occupation]]s. We will discuss work environments including employment motivation model, job characteristics model. We will talk about task structures and we will end up with competencies needed at work including [[occupation-required competency|occupation-required competenci]]es, industry related and we will end up with administrative competencies. Next we will go to introduction to recruitment as a successor session.</p></blockquote> | |
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| − | ===Web===
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| | ==See also== | | ==See also== |
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| | [[Category:Orientation Curriculum]][[Category:Lecture notes]] | | [[Category:Orientation Curriculum]][[Category:Lecture notes]] |
