Difference between revisions of "CDL Vehicle Inspection Test"

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This [[CDL Vehicle Inspection Test]] represents the July 2017 version of the Section 11 "Vehicle Inspection Test" of the Commercial Driver's License Manual adopted by the state of Virginia. The manual was developed for the 2005 CDL Testing System.
+
This [[CDL Vehicle Inspection Test]] represents the July 2017 version of the Section 11 "Vehicle Inspection Test" of the [[CDL Manual|Commercial Driver's License Manual]] adopted by the state of Virginia. The manual was developed for the 2005 CDL Testing System.
  
  
Line 5: Line 5:
  
 
===Purpose===
 
===Purpose===
===Training and testing===
+
:During the Vehicle inspection, you must show that the vehicle is safe to drive. You will have to walk around the vehicle, name and point to/ touch each item and explain to the examiner what you are checking and why.
  
 +
===Restrictions===
 +
:Any vehicle that has components marked or labeled cannot be used for the Vehicle Inspection test.
  
 +
===Scope===
 +
:This Section covers:
 +
:*Internal Inspection
 +
:*External Inspection
  
 +
==All Vehicles (11.1)==
 +
Study the following vehicle parts for the type of vehicle you will be using during the CDL skills tests. You should be able to identify each part and tell the examiner what you are looking for or inspecting.
  
 +
===Engine Compartment (Engine Off; 11.1.1)===
 +
:;Leaks/Hoses
 +
::*Look for puddles on the ground.
 +
::*Look for dripping fluids on underside of engine and transmission.
 +
::*Inspect hoses for condition and leaks.
 +
:;Oil Level
 +
::*Check oil level when engine is off.
 +
::*Indicate where dipstick is located.
 +
::*Check that the oil level is within safe operating range. Level must be above refill mark.
 +
:;Coolant Level
 +
::Looks at sight glass on radiator or coolant reservoir; adequate level will show in sight glass. If no sight glass is available, you must describe what s/he would look for after removing radiator cap.
 +
:;Power Steering Fluid
 +
::Checks the dipstick and sees where the fluid level is relative to the refill mark or checks sight glass. Level must be above refill mark.
 +
:;Engine Compartment Belts
 +
::Check the following belts for snugness (1/2 to 3/4 inch play at center of belt), cracks, frays, loose fibers or signs of wear:
 +
::*Power steering belt.
 +
::*Water pump belt.
 +
::*Alternator belt.
 +
::*Air compressor belt.
 +
::Note: If any of the components listed above are not belt driven, you must:
 +
::*Tell the examiner which component(s) are not belt driven.
 +
::*Make sure component(s) are operating properly, are not damaged or leaking, and are mounted securely.
 +
:;Safe Start
 +
::*Place gearshift lever in neutral (or park, for automatic transmissions).
 +
::*Depress clutch before attempting to start the vehicle.
 +
::*Start the vehicle and keep clutch depressed until engine reaches idling speed.
 +
::*Then release clutch slowly.
  
Vehicle Inspection Test
+
===Cab Check/Engine Start (11.1.2)===
This Section Covers
+
:;Oil Pressure Gauge
 Internal Inspection
+
::Make sure oil pressure gauge is working. Check that pressure gauge shows increasing or normal oil pressure or that the warning light goes off. If equipped, oil temperature gauge should begin a gradual rise to the normal operating range.
 External Inspection
+
:;Temperature Gauge
During the Vehicle inspection, you must show that  
+
::Make sure the temperature gauge is working. Temperature should begin to climb to the normal operating range or temperature light should be off.
the vehicle is safe to drive. You will have to walk
+
:;Air Gauge
around the vehicle, name and point to/ touch each
+
::Check that the air gauge is working properly and that the air compressor builds the air pressure to governor cut-out at approximately 120-140 psi or as specified by manufacturer.
item and explain to the examiner what you are
+
:;Ammeter/Voltmeter
checking and why.  
+
::Check that gauges show alternator and/or generator is charging or that warning light is off.
Any vehicle that has components marked or labeled
+
:;Mirrors and Windshield
cannot be used for the Vehicle Inspection test.
+
::*Mirrors should be clean and adjusted properly from the inside.
 +
::*Windshield should be clean with no illegal stickers, no obstructions, or damage to the glass.
 +
:;Emergency Equipment
 +
::*Check for spare electrical fuses.
 +
::*Check for three red reflective triangles and 6 fusees or 3 liquid burning flares.
 +
::*Check that the fire extinguisher is properly charged and securely mounted.
 +
::Note: If the vehicle is not equipped with electrical fuses, you must mention this to the examiner.
 +
:;Wipers/Washers
 +
::Check that wiper arms and blades are secure, not damaged, and operate smoothly. If equipped, windshield washers must operate correctly.
 +
:;Lights/Reflectors/Reflector Tape Condition (Sides & Rear)
 +
::Test that dash indicators work when corresponding lights are turned on:
 +
::*Left turn signal.
 +
::*Right turn signal.
 +
::*Four-way emergency flashers.
 +
::*High beam headlight.
 +
::*Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) indicator.
 +
::Check that all external lights and reflective equipment are clean and functional and none or broken or missing. Light and reflector checks include verification of correct color:
 +
::*Clearance lights (red on rear, amber elsewhere).
 +
::*Headlights (high and low beams).
 +
::*Taillights.
 +
::*Backing lights.
 +
::*Turn signals.
 +
::*Four-way flashers.
 +
::*Brake lights.
 +
::*Red reflectors (on rear) and amber reflectors (elsewhere).
 +
::*Reflector tape condition
 +
::Note: Checks of brake, turn signal and four-way flasher functions must be done separately.
 +
:;Horn
 +
::Check that air horn and/or electric horn work.
 +
:;Heater/Defroster
 +
::Test that the heater and defroster work.
 +
:;Parking Brake Check
 +
::*With air pressure built to governor cutout and the parking brake engaged (trailer brakes released on combination vehicles), check that the parking brake will hold vehicle by gently trying to pull forward with parking brake on.
 +
::*With air pressure built to governor cutout, the parking brake released and the trailer parking brake engaged (combination vehicles only), check that the trailer parking brake will hold vehicle by gently trying to pull forward with the trailer parking brake on.
 +
:;Hydraulic Brake Check
 +
::*Pump the brake pedal three times, then hold it down for five seconds. The brake pedal should not move (depress) during the five seconds.
 +
::*If equipped with a hydraulic brake reserve (back-up) system, with the key off, depress the brake pedal and listen for the sound of the reserve system electric motor.
 +
::*Check that the warning buzzer or light is off.
 +
:;Air Brake Check (Air Brake Equipped Vehicles Only)
 +
::Failure to perform all three components of the air brake check correctly will result in an automatic failure of the vehicle inspection test. Air brake safety devices vary. However, this procedure is designed to see that any safety device operates correctly as air pressure drops from normal to a low air condition. For safety purposes, in areas where an incline is present, you will use wheel chocks during the air brake check. The proper procedures for inspecting the air brake system are as follows:
 +
::#With the air pressure built up to governor cutoff (120 – 140 psi), shut off the engine leaving the key in the “on” or “battery charge” position, chock your wheels if necessary, release the parking brake (all vehicles), and the tractor protection valve (combination vehicle) and fully apply the foot brake. Hold the foot brake for one minute. Check the air gauge to see if the air pressure drops more than three pounds in one minute (single vehicle) or four pounds in one minute (combination vehicle).
 +
::#Begin fanning off the air pressure by rapidly applying and releasing the foot brake. Low air warning devices (buzzer, light, flag) should activate before air pressure drops below 55 psi or level specified by the manufacturer.
 +
::#Continue to fan off the air pressure. At approximately 40 psi on a tractor-trailer combination vehicle (or level specified by the manufacturer), the tractor protection valve and parking brake valve should close (pop out). On other combination vehicle types and single vehicle types, the parking brake valve should close (pop out).
 +
:;Service Brake Check
 +
::You will be required to check the application of air or hydraulic service brakes. This procedure is designed to determine that the brakes are working correctly and that the vehicle does not pull to one side or the other. Pull forward at 5 mph, apply the service brake and stop. Check to see that the vehicle does not pull to either side and that it stops when brake is applied.
 +
:;Safety Belt
 +
::Check that the safety belt is securely mounted, adjusts, latches properly and is not ripped or frayed.
  
==All Vehicles (11.1)==
 
Study the following vehicle parts for the type of
 
vehicle you will be using during the CDL skills tests.
 
You should be able to identify each part and tell the
 
examiner what you are looking for or inspecting.
 
===Engine Compartment (Engine Off; 11.1.1)===
 
Leaks/Hoses
 
Look for puddles on the ground.
 
Look for dripping fluids on underside of engine and
 
transmission.
 
Inspect hoses for condition and leaks.
 
Oil Level
 
Check oil level when engine is off.
 
Indicate where dipstick is located.
 
Check that the oil level is within safe operating
 
range. Level must be above refill mark.
 
Coolant Level
 
Looks at sight glass on radiator or coolant reservoir;
 
adequate level will show in sight glass. If no sight
 
glass is available, you must describe what s/he
 
would look for after removing radiator cap.
 
Power Steering Fluid
 
Checks the dipstick and sees where the fluid level is
 
relative to the refill mark or checks sight glass. Level
 
must be above refill mark.
 
Engine Compartment Belts
 
Check the following belts for snugness (1/2 to 3/4
 
inch play at center of belt), cracks, frays,loose
 
fibers or signs of wear:
 
Power steering belt.
 
Water pump belt.
 
Alternator belt.
 
Air compressor belt.
 
Note: If any of the components listed above are
 
not belt driven, you must:
 
Tell the examiner which component(s) are not belt
 
driven.
 
Make sure component(s) are operating properly,
 
are not damaged or leaking, and are mounted
 
securely.
 
Safe Start
 
Place gearshift lever in neutral (or park, for
 
automatic transmissions).
 
Depress clutch before attempting to start the
 
vehicle
 
Start the vehicle and keep clutch depressed until
 
engine reaches idling speed.
 
Then release clutch slowly.
 
===Cab Check/Engine Start (11.1.2)===
 
Oil Pressure Gauge
 
Make sure oil pressure gauge is working.
 
Check that pressure gauge shows increasing or
 
normal oil pressure or that the warning light goes
 
off.
 
If equipped, oil temperature gauge should begin a
 
gradual rise to the normal operating range.
 
Temperature Gauge
 
Make sure the temperature gauge is working.
 
Temperature should begin to climb to the normal
 
operating range or temperature light should be off.
 
Air Gauge
 
Check that the air gauge is working properly and
 
that the air compressor builds the air pressure to
 
governor cut-out at approximately 120-140 psi or
 
as specified by manufacturer.
 
Ammeter/Voltmeter
 
Check that gauges show alternator and/or
 
generator is charging or that warning light is off.
 
Mirrors and Windshield
 
Mirrors should be clean and adjusted properly from
 
the inside.
 
Windshield should be clean with no illegal stickers,
 
no obstructions, or damage to the glass.
 
Emergency Equipment
 
Check for spare electrical fuses.
 
Check for three red reflective triangles and 6
 
fusees or 3 liquid burning flares.
 
Check that the fire extinguisher is properly
 
charged and securely mounted.
 
Note: If the vehicle is not equipped with electrical
 
fuses, you must mention this to the examiner.
 
Wipers/Washers
 
Check that wiper arms and blades are secure, not
 
damaged, and operate smoothly.
 
If equipped, windshield washers must operate
 
correctly.
 
Lights/Reflectors/Reflector Tape Condition
 
(Sides & Rear)
 
Test that dash indicators work when corresponding
 
lights are turned on:
 
Left turn signal.
 
Right turn signal.
 
Four-way emergency flashers.
 
High beam headlight.
 
Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) indicator.
 
Check that all external lights and reflective
 
equipment are clean and functional and none or
 
broken or missing. Light and reflector checks
 
include verification of correct color:
 
Clearance lights (red on rear, amber elsewhere).
 
Headlights (high and low beams).
 
Taillights.
 
Backing lights.
 
Turn signals.
 
Four-way flashers.
 
Brake lights.
 
Red reflectors (on rear) and amber reflectors
 
(elsewhere).
 
Reflector tape condition
 
Note: Checks of brake, turn signal and four-way
 
flasher functions must be done separately.
 
Horn
 
Check that air horn and/or electric horn work.
 
Heater/Defroster
 
Test that the heater and defroster work.
 
Parking Brake Check
 
With air pressure built to governor cutout and the
 
parking brake engaged (trailer brakes released on
 
combination vehicles), check that the parking brake
 
will hold vehicle by gently trying to pull forward with
 
parking brake on.
 
With air pressure built to governor cutout, the
 
parking brake released and the trailer parking
 
brake engaged (combination vehicles only), check
 
that the trailer parking brake will hold vehicle by
 
gently trying to pull forward with the trailer parking
 
brake on.
 
Hydraulic Brake Check
 
Pump the brake pedal three times, then hold it
 
down for five seconds. The brake pedal should not
 
move (depress) during the five seconds.
 
If equipped with a hydraulic brake reserve (back�up) system, with the key off, depress the brake
 
pedal and listen for the sound of the reserve
 
system electric motor.
 
Check that the warning buzzer or light is off.
 
Air Brake Check (Air Brake Equipped Vehicles
 
Only)
 
Failure to perform all three components of the air
 
brake check correctly will result in an automatic
 
failure of the vehicle inspection test. Air brake safety
 
devices vary. However, this procedure is designed
 
to see that any safety device operates correctly as
 
air pressure drops from normal to a low air
 
condition. For safety purposes, in areas where an
 
incline is present, you will use wheel chocks during
 
the air brake check. The proper procedures for
 
inspecting the air brake system are as follows:
 
1. With the air pressure built up to governor cutoff
 
(120 – 140 psi), shut off the engine leaving the
 
key in the “on” or “battery charge” position,
 
chock your wheels if necessary, release the
 
parking brake (all vehicles), and the tractor
 
protection valve (combination vehicle) and fully
 
apply the foot brake. Hold the foot brake for one
 
minute. Check the air gauge to see if the air
 
pressure drops more than three pounds in one
 
minute (single vehicle) or four pounds in one
 
minute (combination vehicle).
 
2. Begin fanning off the air pressure by rapidly
 
applying and releasing the foot brake. Low air
 
warning devices (buzzer, light, flag) should
 
activate before air pressure drops below 55 psi
 
or level specified by the manufacturer..
 
3. Continue to fan off the air pressure. At
 
approximately 40 psi on a tractor-trailer
 
combination vehicle (or level specified by the
 
manufacturer), the tractor protection valve and
 
parking brake valve should close (pop out). On
 
other combination vehicle types and single
 
vehicle types, the parking brake valve should
 
close (pop out).
 
Service Brake Check
 
You will be required to check the application of air
 
or hydraulic service brakes. This procedure is
 
designed to determine that the brakes are working
 
correctly and that the vehicle does not pull to one
 
side or the other.
 
Pull forward at 5 mph, apply the service brake and
 
stop. Check to see that the vehicle does not pull to
 
either side and that it stops when brake is applied.
 
Safety Belt
 
Check that the safety belt is securely mounted,
 
adjusts, latches properly and is not ripped or
 
frayed.
 
 
==External Inspection (All Vehicles; 11.2)==
 
==External Inspection (All Vehicles; 11.2)==
 
===Steering (11.2.1)===
 
===Steering (11.2.1)===
Steering Box/Hoses
+
:;Steering Box/Hoses
Check that the steering box is securely mounted  
+
::*Check that the steering box is securely mounted and not leaking. Look for any missing nuts and/or, bolts.
and not leaking. Look for any missing nuts and/or ,  
+
::*Check for power steering fluid leaks or damage to power steering hoses.
bolts.
+
:;Steering Linkage
Check for power steering fluid leaks or damage to  
+
::*See that connecting links, arms, and rods from the steering box to the wheel are not worn or cracked.
power steering hoses.
+
::*Check that joints and sockets are not worn or loose and that there are no missing nuts, bolts, or cotter keys.
Steering Linkage
+
 
See that connecting links, arms, and rods from the  
 
steering box to the wheel are not worn or cracked.
 
Check that joints and sockets are not worn or loose  
 
and that there are no missing nuts, bolts, or cotter  
 
keys.
 
 
===Suspension (11.2.2)===
 
===Suspension (11.2.2)===
Springs/Air/Torque
+
:;Springs/Air/Torque
Look for missing, shifted, cracked, or broken leaf  
+
::*Look for missing, shifted, cracked, or broken leaf springs.
springs.
+
::*Look for broken or distorted coil springs.
Look for broken or distorted coil springs.
+
::*If vehicle is equipped with torsion bars, torque arms, or other types of suspension components, check that they are not damaged and are mounted securely.
If vehicle is equipped with torsion bars, torque  
+
::*Air ride suspension should be checked for damage and leaks.
arms, or other types of suspension components,  
+
:;Mounts
check that they are not damaged and are mounted  
+
::Look for cracked or broken spring hangers, missing or damaged bushings, and broken, loose, or missing bolts, u-bolts or other axle mounting parts. (The mounts should be checked at each point where they are secured to the vehicle frame and axle[s]).
securely.
+
:;Shock Absorbers
Air ride suspension should be checked for damage  
+
::*See that shock absorbers are secure and that there are no leaks.
and leaks.
+
::Note: Be prepared to perform the same suspension components inspection on every axle (power unit and trailer, if equipped).
Mounts
+
 
Look for cracked or broken spring hangers,
 
missing or damaged bushings, and broken, loose,  
 
or missing bolts, u-bolts or other axle mounting  
 
parts. (The mounts should be checked at each  
 
point where they are secured to the vehicle frame  
 
and axle[s]).
 
Shock Absorbers
 
See that shock absorbers are secure and that  
 
there are no leaks.
 
Note: Be prepared to perform the same  
 
suspension components inspection on every axle  
 
(power unit and trailer, if equipped).
 
 
===Brakes (11.2.3)===
 
===Brakes (11.2.3)===
Slack Adjustors and Pushrods
+
:;Slack Adjustors and Pushrods
Look for broken, loose, or missing parts.
+
::*Look for broken, loose, or missing parts.
For manual slack adjustors, the brake pushrod  
+
::*For manual slack adjustors, the brake pushrod should not move more than one inch (with the brakes released) when pulled by hand.
should not move more than one inch (with the  
+
:;Brake Chambers
brakes released) when pulled by hand.
+
::See that brake chambers are not leaking, cracked, or dented and are mounted securely. There are no loose or missing clamps.
Brake Chambers
+
:;Brake Hoses/Lines
See that brake chambers are not leaking, cracked,  
+
::Look for cracked, worn, or leaking hoses, lines, and couplings.
or dented and are mounted securely. There are no  
+
:;Drum Brake
loose or missing clamps.
+
::*Check for cracks, dents, or holes. Also check for loose or missing bolts.
Brake Hoses/Lines
+
::*Check for contaminates such debris or oil/grease.  
Look for cracked, worn, or leaking hoses, lines,  
+
::*Brake linings (where visible) should not be worn dangerously thin.
and couplings.
+
:;Brake Linings
Drum Brake
+
::*On some brake drums, there are openings where the brake linings can be seen from outside the drum. For this type of drum, check that a visible amount of brake lining is showing.
Check for cracks, dents, or holes. Also check for  
+
::Note: Be prepared to perform the same brake components inspection on every axle (power unit and trailer, if equipped).
loose or missing bolts.
 
Check for contaminates such debris or oil/grease.  
 
Brake linings (where visible) should not be worn  
 
dangerously thin.
 
Brake Linings
 
On some brake drums, there are openings where  
 
the brake linings can be seen from outside the  
 
drum. For this type of drum, check that a visible  
 
amount of brake lining is showing.
 
Note: Be prepared to perform the same brake  
 
components inspection on every axle (power unit  
 
and trailer, if equipped).
 
  
 
===Wheels (11.2.4)===
 
===Wheels (11.2.4)===
Rims
+
:;Rims
Check for damaged or bent rims. Rims cannot  
+
::*Check for damaged or bent rims. Rims cannot have welding repairs. Check rims for rust trails that may indicate the rim is loose on the wheel.
have welding repairs. Check rims for rust trails  
+
:;Tires
that may indicate the rim is loose on the wheel.
+
::The following items must be inspected on every tire:
Tires
+
::*Tread depth: Check for minimum tread depth (4/32 on steering axle tires, 2/32 on all other tires).
The following items must be inspected on every  
+
::*Tire condition: Check that tread is evenly worn and look for cuts or other damage to tread or sidewalls. Also, make sure that valve caps and stems are not missing, broken, or damaged.
tire:
+
::*Tire inflation: Check for proper inflation by using a tire gauge. Note: You will not get credit if you simply kick the tires or use a mallet to check for proper inflation.
Tread depth: Check for minimum tread depth (4/32  
+
:;Hub Oil Seals/Axle Seals
on steering axle tires, 2/32 on all other tires).
+
::*See that hub oil/grease seals and axle seals are not leaking and, if wheel has a sight glass, oil level is adequate.
Tire condition: Check that tread is evenly worn and  
+
:;Lug Nuts
look for cuts or other damage to tread or sidewalls.  
+
::*Check that all lug nuts are present, free of cracks and distortions, and show no signs of looseness such as rust trails or shiny threads.
Also, make sure that valve caps and stems are not  
+
::*Make sure all bolt holes are not cracked or distorted.
missing, broken, or damaged.
+
:;Spacers or Budd Spacing
Tire inflation: Check for proper inflation by using a  
+
::*If equipped, check that spacers are not bent, damaged, or rusted through; and are centered with dual tires evenly separated.
tire gauge. Note: You will not get credit if you simply  
+
::*Check the space between the tires for debris and/or foreign objects.
kick the tires or use a mallet to check for proper  
+
::Note: Be prepared to perform the same wheel inspection on every axle (power unit and trailer, if equipped).
inflation.
+
 
Hub Oil Seals/Axle Seals
 
See that hub oil/grease seals and axle seals are not  
 
leaking and, if wheel has a sight glass, oil level is  
 
adequate.
 
Lug Nuts
 
Check that all lug nuts are present, free of cracks  
 
and distortions, and show no signs of looseness  
 
such as rust trails or shiny threads.
 
Make sure all bolt holes are not cracked or distorted.
 
Spacers or Budd Spacing
 
If equipped, check that spacers are not bent,  
 
damaged, or rusted through; and are centered with  
 
dual tires evenly separated..
 
Check the space between the tires for debris  
 
and/or foreign objects.
 
Note: Be prepared to perform the same wheel  
 
inspection on every axle (power unit and trailer, if  
 
equipped).
 
 
===Side of Vehicle (11.2.5)===
 
===Side of Vehicle (11.2.5)===
Door(s)/Mirror(s)
+
:;Door(s)/Mirror(s)
Check that door(s) are not damaged and that they  
+
::*Check that door(s) are not damaged and that they open and close properly from the outside.  
open and close properly from the outside.  
+
::*Hinges should be secure with seals intact.
Hinges should be secure with seals intact.
+
::*Check that mirror(s) and mirror brackets are not damaged and are mounted securely with no loose fittings.
Check that mirror(s) and mirror brackets are not  
+
:;Fuel Tank
damaged and are mounted securely with no loose  
+
::Check that tank(s) are secure, cap(s) are tight, and that there are no leaks from tank(s) or lines.
fittings.
+
:;Drive Shaft
Fuel Tank
+
::*See that drive shaft is not bent or cracked.
Check that tank(s) are secure, cap(s) are tight, and  
+
::*Couplings should be secure and free of foreign objects.
that there are no leaks from tank(s) or lines.
+
:;Exhaust System
Drive Shaft
+
::*Check system for damage and signs of leaks such as rust or carbon soot. Exhaust system should not have cracks, holes or severe dents
See that drive shaft is not bent or cracked.
+
::*System should be connected tightly and mounted securely.
Couplings should be secure and free of foreign  
+
:;Frame
objects.
+
::Look for cracks, broken welds, holes or other damage to the longitudinal frame members, cross members, box, and floor.
Exhaust System
+
 
Check system for damage and signs of leaks such  
 
as rust or carbon soot. Exhaust system should not  
 
have cracks, holes or severe dents
 
System should be connected tightly and mounted  
 
securely.
 
Frame
 
Look for cracks, broken welds, holes or other  
 
damage to the longitudinal frame members, cross  
 
members, box, and floor.
 
 
===Rear of Vehicle (11.2.6)===
 
===Rear of Vehicle (11.2.6)===
Splash Guards
+
:;Splash Guards
If equipped, check that splash guards or mud flaps  
+
::*If equipped, check that splash guards or mud flaps are not damaged and are mounted securely.
are not damaged and are mounted securely.
+
:;Doors/Ties/Lifts
Doors/Ties/Lifts
+
::*Check that doors and hinges are not damaged and that they open, close, and latch properly from the outside, if equipped.
Check that doors and hinges are not damaged and  
+
::*Ties, straps, chains, and binders must also be secure.
that they open, close, and latch properly from the  
+
::*If equipped with a cargo lift, look for leaking, damaged or missing parts and explain how it should be checked for correct operation.
outside, if equipped.
+
::*Lift must be fully retracted and latched securely.
Ties, straps, chains, and binders must also be  
+
 
secure.
 
If equipped with a cargo lift, look for leaking,  
 
damaged or missing parts and explain how it  
 
should be checked for correct operation.
 
Lift must be fully retracted and latched securely.
 
 
===Tractor/Coupling (11.2.7)===
 
===Tractor/Coupling (11.2.7)===
Air/Electric Lines
+
:;Air/Electric Lines
Listen for air leaks. Check that air hoses and  
+
::*Listen for air leaks. Check that air hoses and electrical lines are not cut, chafed, spliced, or worn (steel braid should not show through).
electrical lines are not cut, chafed, spliced, or worn  
+
::*Make sure air and electrical lines are not tangled, pinched, or dragging against tractor parts.
(steel braid should not show through).
+
:;Catwalk/Steps
Make sure air and electrical lines are not tangled,  
+
::*Check that the catwalk is solid, clear of objects, and securely bolted to tractor frame.
pinched, or dragging against tractor parts.
+
::*Check that steps leading to the cab entry and catwalk (if equipped) are solid, clear of objects, and securely bolted to tractor frame.
Catwalk/Steps
+
:;Mounting Bolts
Check that the catwalk is solid, clear of objects,  
+
::*Look for loose or missing mounting brackets, clamps, bolts, or nuts. Both the fifth wheel and the slide mounting must be solidly attached.
and securely bolted to tractor frame.
+
::*Check for loose or missing mounting bolts and for broken welds for pintle hook or other type of hitch mount, and tongue/draw-bar assembly to ensure that they are solidly attached in place.
Check that steps leading to the cab entry and  
+
::*On other types of coupling systems (i.e., ball hitch, pintle hook, etc.), inspect all coupling components and mounting brackets for missing or broken parts.
catwalk (if equipped) are solid, clear of objects,  
+
:;Hitch Release Lever
and securely bolted to tractor frame.
+
::*Check to see that the hitch release lever is in place and is secure.
Mounting Bolts
+
:;Locking Jaws
Look for loose or missing mounting brackets,  
+
::*Look into fifth wheel gap and check that locking jaws are fully closed around the kingpin.
clamps, bolts, or nuts. Both the fifth wheel and the  
+
::*On other types of coupling systems (i.e., ball hitch, pintle hook, etc.), inspect the locking mechanism for missing or broken parts and make sure it is locked securely. If present, safety cables or chains must be secure and free of kinks and excessive slack.
slide mounting must be solidly attached.
+
:;5th Wheel Skid Plate
Check for loose or missing mounting bolts and for  
+
::*Check for proper lubrication and that 5th wheel skid plate is securely mounted to the platform and that all bolts and pins are secure and not missing.
broken welds for pintle hook or other type of hitch  
+
:;Platform (Fifth Wheel)
mount, and tongue/draw-bar assembly to ensure  
+
::*Check for cracks or breaks in the platform structure which supports the fifth wheel skid plate.
that they are solidly attached in place.
+
:;Release Arm (Fifth Wheel)
On other types of coupling systems (i.e., ball hitch,  
+
::*If equipped, make sure the release arm is in the engaged position and the safety latch is in place.
pintle hook, etc.), inspect all coupling components  
+
:;Kingpin/Apron/Gap
and mounting brackets for missing or broken parts.
+
::*Explain that locking jaws holds kingpin in place and that the kingpin is not bent or damaged.
Hitch Release Lever
+
::*Make sure the visible part of the apron is not bent, cracked, or broken.
Check to see that the hitch release lever is in place  
+
::*Check that the trailer is lying flat on the fifth wheel skid plate (no gap).
and is secure.
+
::*Check for kingpin lock.
Locking Jaws
+
:;Locking Pins (Fifth Wheel)
Look into fifth wheel gap and check that locking  
+
::*If equipped, look for loose or missing pins in the slide mechanism of the sliding fifth wheel. If air powered, check for leaks.
jaws are fully closed around the kingpin.
+
::*Make sure locking pins are fully engaged.
On other types of coupling systems (i.e., ball hitch,  
+
::*Check that the fifth wheel is positioned properly so that the tractor frame will clear the landing gear during turns.
pintle hook, etc.), inspect the locking mechanism  
+
:;Sliding Pintle
for missing or broken parts and make sure it is  
+
::*Check the sliding pintle hook for excessive wear and to ensure it is secure with no loose or missing nuts or bolts and cotter pin is in place.
locked securely. If present, safety cables or chains  
+
:;Tongue or Draw-bar
must be secure and free of kinks and excessive  
+
::*Check that the tongue/draw-bar is not bent or twisted and checks for broken welds and stress cracks.
slack.
+
::*Check that the tongue/draw-bar eye is not worn excessively.
5
+
:;Tongue Storage Area
th Wheel Skid Plate
+
::*Check that the storage area is solid and secured to the tongue.
Check for proper lubrication and that 5th wheel skid  
+
::*Check that cargo in the storage area i.e. chains, binders, etc. are secure.
plate is securely mounted to the platform and that  
+
 
all bolts and pins are secure and not missing.
+
==School Bus Only (11.3)==
Platform (Fifth Wheel)
+
:;Emergency Equipment
Check for cracks or breaks in the platform structure  
+
::*In addition to checking for spare electrical fuses (if equipped), three red reflective triangles, 6 fusees or 3 liquid burning flares and a properly charged and rated fire extinguisher, school bus drivers must also inspect the following emergency equipment:
which supports the fifth wheel skid plate.
+
::*Emergency Kit
Release Arm (Fifth Wheel)
+
::*Body Fluid Cleanup Kit
If equipped, make sure the release arm is in the  
+
:;Lighting Indicators
engaged position and the safety latch is in place.
+
::In addition to checking the lighting indicators listed in Section 10.2 of this manual, school bus drivers must also check the following lighting indicators (internal panel lights):
Kingpin/Apron/Gap
+
::*Alternately flashing amber lights indicator, if equipped.
Explain that locking jaws holds kingpin in place  
+
::*Alternately flashing red lights indicator.
and that the kingpin is not bent or damaged
+
::*Strobe light indicator, if equipped.
Make sure the visible part of the apron is not bent,  
+
:;Lights/Reflectors
cracked, or broken.
+
::In addition to checking the lights and reflective devices listed in Section 10.2 of this manual, school bus drivers must also check the following (external) lights and reflectors:
Check that the trailer is lying flat on the fifth wheel  
+
::*Strobe light, if equipped is operational and is not broken.
skid plate (no gap).
+
::*Stop arm light, if equipped.
Check for kingpin lock.
+
::*Alternately flashing amber lights, if equipped are operational and not broken.
Locking Pins (Fifth Wheel)
+
::*Alternately flashing red lights, on both the front and back of the vehicle are operational and not broken.
If equipped, look for loose or missing pins in the  
+
:;Student Mirrors
slide mechanism of the sliding fifth wheel. If air  
+
::In addition to checking the external mirrors, school bus drivers must also check the internal and external mirrors used for observing students:
powered, check for leaks.
+
::*Check for proper adjustment.
Make sure locking pins are fully engaged.
+
::*Checks that all internal and external mirrors and mirror brackets are not damaged and are mounted securely with no loose fittings.
Check that the fifth wheel is positioned properly so  
+
::*Checks that visibility is not impaired due to dirty mirrors.
that the tractor frame will clear the landing gear  
+
:;Stop Arm/Safety Arm
during turns.
+
::*If equipped, check the stop arm to see that it is mounted securely to the frame of the vehicle. Also, check for loose fittings and damage. Checks that stop arm extends fully when operated.
Sliding Pintle
+
:;Passenger Entry/Lift
Check the sliding pintle hook for excessive wear  
+
::*Check that the entry door is not damaged, operates smoothly, and closes securely from the inside.  
and to ensure it is secure with no loose or missing  
+
::*Hand rails are secure and the step light is working, if equipped.
nuts or bolts and cotter pin is in place.
+
::*The entry steps must be clear with the treads not loose or worn excessively.
Tongue or Draw-bar
+
::*If equipped with a handicap lift, look for leaking, damaged, or missing parts and explain how lift should be checked for correct operation. Lift must be fully retracted and latched securely.
Check that the tongue/draw-bar is not bent or  
+
:;Emergency Exit
twisted and checks for broken welds and stress  
+
::*Demonstrate that at least one emergency exit is not damaged, operates smoothly, and closes securely from the inside.  
cracks.
+
::*Check that release handle can be operated properly from both inside and outside the vehicle.
Check that the tongue/draw-bar eye is not worn  
+
::*Point out and describe how all other emergency exits operate
excessively.
+
::*Check that any emergency exit warning devices are working properly.
Tongue Storage Area
+
:;Seating
Check that the storage area is solid and secured to  
+
::*Look for broken seat frames and check that seat frames are firmly attached to the floor.
the tongue.
+
::*Check that seat cushions are attached securely to the seat frames.
Check that cargo in the storage area i.e. chains,  
+
 
binders, etc. are secure.
+
==Trailer (11.4)==
11.3 – School Bus Only
+
===Trailer Front (11.4.1)===
Emergency Equipment
+
:;Air/Electrical Connections
In addition to checking for spare electrical fuses (if  
+
::*Check that trailer air connectors are sealed and in good condition.
equipped), three red reflective triangles, 6 fusees  
+
::*Make sure glad hands are locked in place, free of damage or air leaks.
or 3 liquid burning flares and a properly charged  
+
::*Make sure the trailer electrical plug is firmly seated and locked in place.
and rated fire extinguisher, school bus drivers must  
+
:;Header Board
also inspect the following emergency equipment:
+
::*If equipped, check the header board to see that it is secure, free of damage, and strong enough to contain cargo.
Emergency Kit
+
::*If equipped, the canvas or tarp carrier must be mounted and fastened securely.
Body Fluid Cleanup Kit
+
::*On enclosed trailers, check the front area for signs of damage such as cracks, bulges, or holes.
Lighting Indicators
+
 
In addition to checking the lighting indicators listed  
+
===Side of Trailer (11.4.2)===
in Section 10.2 of this manual, school bus drivers  
+
:;Landing Gear
must also check the following lighting indicators  
+
::*Check that the landing gear is fully raised, has no missing parts, crank handle is secure, and the support frame and landing pads are not damaged.
(internal panel lights):
+
::*If power operated, check for air or hydraulic leaks.
Alternately flashing amber lights indicator, if  
+
:;Doors/Ties/Lifts
equipped.
+
::*If equipped, check that doors are not damaged.  
Alternately flashing red lights indicator.
+
::*Check that doors open, close, and latch properly from the outside.
Strobe light indicator, if equipped.
+
::*Check that ties, straps, chains, and binders are secure.
Lights/Reflectors
+
::*If equipped with a cargo lift, look for leaking, damaged or missing parts and explain how it should be checked for correct operation.
In addition to checking the lights and reflective  
+
::*Lift should be fully retracted and latched securely.
devices listed in Section 10.2 of this manual,  
+
:;Frame
school bus drivers must also check the following  
+
::*Look for cracks, broken welds, holes or other damage to the frame, cross members, box, and floor.
(external) lights and reflectors:
+
:;Tandem Release Arm/Locking Pins
Strobe light, if equipped is operational and is not  
+
::*If equipped, make sure the locking pins are locked in place and release arm is secured.
broken.
+
 
Stop arm light, if equipped.
+
===Remainder of Trailer (11.4.3)===
Alternately flashing amber lights, if equipped are  
+
:;Remainder of Trailer
operational and not broken.
+
::Please refer to Section 11.2 of this manual for detailed inspection procedures regarding the following components:
Alternately flashing red lights, on both the front and  
+
::*Wheels.
back of the vehicle are operational and not  
+
::*Suspension system.  
broken..
+
::*Brakes.
Student Mirrors
+
::*Doors/ties/lift.
In addition to checking the external mirrors, school  
+
::*Splash guards.
bus drivers must also check the internal and  
+
 
external mirrors used for observing students:
+
==Coach/Transit Bus (11.5)==
Check for proper adjustment.
+
===Passenger Items (11.5.1)===
Checks that all internal and external mirrors and  
+
:;Passenger Entry/Lift
mirror brackets are not damaged and are mounted  
+
::*Check that entry doors operate smoothly and close securely from the inside.
securely with no loose fittings.
+
::*Check that hand rails are secure and, if equipped, that the step light(s) are working.
Checks that visibility is not impaired due to dirty  
+
::*Check that the entry steps are clear, with the treads not loose or worn excessively.
mirrors.
+
::*If equipped with a handicap lift, look for any leaking, damaged or missing part, and explain how it should be checked for correct operation.
Stop Arm/Safety Arm
+
::*Lift should be fully retracted and latched securely.
If equipped, check the stop arm to see that it is  
+
:;Emergency Exits
mounted securely to the frame of the vehicle. Also,  
+
::*Make sure that all emergency exits are not damaged, operate smoothly, and close securely from the inside.
check for loose fittings and damage. Checks that  
+
::*Check that any emergency exit warning devices are working.
stop arm extends fully when operated
+
:;Passenger Seating
Passenger Entry/Lift
+
::*Look for broken seat frames and check that seat frames are firmly attached to the floor.
Check that the entry door is not damaged,  
+
::*Check that seat cushions are attached securely to the seat frames.
operates smoothly, and closes securely from the  
+
 
inside.  
+
===Entry/Exit (11.5.2)===
Hand rails are secure and the step light is working,  
+
:;Doors/Mirrors
if equipped.
+
::*Check that entry/exit doors are not damaged and operate smoothly from the outside. Hinges should be secure with seals intact.
The entry steps must be clear with the treads not  
+
::*Make sure that the passenger exit mirrors and all external mirrors and mirror brackets are not damaged and are mounted securely with no loose fittings.
loose or worn excessively.
+
 
If equipped with a handicap lift, look for leaking,  
+
===External Inspection of Coach/Transit Bus (11.5.3)===
damaged, or missing parts and explain how lift  
+
:;Level/Air Leaks
should be checked for correct operation. Lift must
+
::*See that the vehicle is sitting level (front and rear), and if air-equipped, check for audible air leaks from the suspension system.  
be fully retracted and latched securely.
+
:;Fuel Tank(s)
Emergency Exit
+
::*See that fuel tank(s) are secure with no leaks from tank(s) or lines.
Demonstrate that at least one emergency exit is  
+
:;Baggage Compartments
not damaged, operates smoothly, and closes
+
::*Check that baggage and all other exterior compartment doors are not damaged, operate properly, and latch securely.
securely from the inside.  
+
:;Battery/Box
Check that release handle can be operated  
+
::*Wherever located, see that battery(s) are secure, connections are tight, and cell caps are present.
properly from both inside and outside the vehicle.
+
::*Battery connections should not show signs of excessive corrosion.
Point out and describe how all other emergency  
+
::*Check that battery box and cover or door is not damaged and is secure.
exits operate
+
 
Check that any emergency exit warning devices  
+
===Remainder of Coach/Transit Bus (11.5.4)===
are working properly.
+
:;Remainder of Vehicle
Seating
+
::*Please refer to Section 11.2 of this manual for detailed inspection procedures for the remainder of the vehicle.
Look for broken seat frames and check that seat  
+
::*Remember, the Vehicle Inspection must be passed before you can proceed to the Basic Control Skills test.
frames are firmly attached to the floor.
+
 
Check that seat cushions are attached securely to  
+
==Taking the CDL Vehicle Inspection Test (11.6)==
the seat frames.
+
===Class A Vehicle Inspection Test (11.6.1)===
11.4 Trailer
+
:If you are applying for a Class A CDL, you will be required to perform one of the four versions of a Vehicle inspection in the vehicle you have brought with you for testing. Each of the four tests are equivalent and you will not know which test you will take until just before the testing begins.
11.4.1 – Trailer Front
+
 
Air/Electrical Connections
+
:All of the tests include an engine start, an in-cab inspection, and an inspection of the coupling system. Then, your test may require an inspection of the entire vehicle or only a portion of the vehicle which your CDL Examiner will explain to you.
Check that trailer air connectors are sealed and in  
+
 
good condition.
+
===Class B and C Vehicle Inspection Test (11.6.2)===
Make sure glad hands are locked in place, free of  
+
:If you are applying for a Class B CDL, you will be required to perform one of the three versions of a Vehicle inspection in the vehicle you have brought with you for testing. Each of the three tests are equivalent and you will not know which test you will take until just before the testing begins.
damage or air leaks.
+
 
Make sure the trailer electrical plug is firmly seated  
+
:All of the tests include an engine start and an in-cab inspection. Then, your test may require an inspection of the entire vehicle or only a portion of the vehicle which your CDL Examiner will explain to you. You will also have to inspect any special features of your vehicle (e.g, school or transit bus).
and locked in place.
+
 
Header Board
+
==See also==
If equipped, check the header board to see that it  
+
 
is secure, free of damage, and strong enough to  
+
===Semi-trailer truck inspection===
contain cargo.
+
:''Main wikipage: [[Semi-trailer truck pre-trip inspection]]''
If equipped, the canvas or tarp carrier must be  
 
mounted and fastened securely.
 
On enclosed trailers, check the front area for signs  
 
of damage such as cracks, bulges, or holes.
 
11.4.2 – Side of Trailer
 
Landing Gear
 
Check that the landing gear is fully raised, has no  
 
missing parts, crank handle is secure, and the  
 
support frame and landing pads are not damaged.
 
If power operated, check for air or hydraulic leaks.Commercial Driver’s License Manual – 2005 CDL Testing System
 
Section 11 - Vehicle Inspection Page 11-7
 
Version: July 2017
 
Doors/Ties/Lifts
 
If equipped, check that doors are not damaged.  
 
Check that doors open, close, and latch properly  
 
from the outside.
 
Check that ties, straps, chains, and binders are  
 
secure.
 
If equipped with a cargo lift, look for leaking,  
 
damaged or missing parts and explain how it  
 
should be checked for correct operation.
 
Lift should be fully retracted and latched securely.
 
Frame
 
Look for cracks, broken welds, holes or other  
 
damage to the frame, cross members, box, and  
 
floor.
 
Tandem Release Arm/Locking Pins
 
If equipped, make sure the locking pins are locked  
 
in place and release arm is secured.
 
11.4.3 – Remainder of Trailer
 
Remainder of Trailer
 
Please refer to Section 11.2 of this manual for  
 
detailed inspection procedures regarding the  
 
following components:
 
Wheels.
 
Suspension system.  
 
Brakes.
 
Doors/ties/lift.
 
Splash guards.
 
11.5 – Coach/Transit Bus
 
11.5.1 – Passenger Items
 
Passenger Entry/Lift
 
Check that entry doors operate smoothly and close  
 
securely from the inside.
 
Check that hand rails are secure and, if equipped,  
 
that the step light(s) are working.
 
Check that the entry steps are clear, with the  
 
treads not loose or worn excessively.
 
If equipped with a handicap lift, look for any  
 
leaking, damaged or missing part, and explain how  
 
it should be checked for correct operation.
 
Lift should be fully retracted and latched securely.
 
Emergency Exits
 
Make sure that all emergency exits are not  
 
damaged, operate smoothly, and close securely  
 
from the inside.
 
Check that any emergency exit warning devices  
 
are working.
 
Passenger Seating
 
Look for broken seat frames and check that seat  
 
frames are firmly attached to the floor.
 
Check that seat cushions are attached securely to  
 
the seat frames.
 
11.5.2 – Entry/ Exit
 
Doors/Mirrors
 
Check that entry/exit doors are not damaged and  
 
operate smoothly from the outside. Hinges should  
 
be secure with seals intact.
 
Make sure that the passenger exit mirrors and all  
 
external mirrors and mirror brackets are not  
 
damaged and are mounted securely with no loose  
 
fittings.
 
11.5.3 – External Inspection of Coach/ Transit  
 
Bus
 
Level/Air Leaks
 
See that the vehicle is sitting level (front and rear),  
 
and if air-equipped, check for audible air leaks from  
 
the suspension system.  
 
Fuel Tank(s)
 
See that fuel tank(s) are secure with no leaks from  
 
tank(s) or lines.
 
Baggage Compartments
 
Check that baggage and all other exterior  
 
compartment doors are not damaged, operate  
 
properly, and latch securely.
 
Battery/Box
 
Wherever located, see that battery(s) are secure,  
 
connections are tight, and cell caps are present.
 
Battery connections should not show signs of  
 
excessive corrosion.
 
Check that battery box and cover or door is not  
 
damaged and is secure.Commercial Driver’s License Manual – 2005 CDL Testing System
 
Section 11 - Vehicle Inspection Page 11-8
 
Version: July 2017
 
11.5.4 – Remainder of Coach/ Transit Bus
 
Remainder of Vehicle
 
Please refer to Section 11.2 of this manual for  
 
detailed inspection procedures for the remainder of  
 
the vehicle.
 
Remember, the Vehicle Inspection must be passed  
 
before you can proceed to the Basic Control Skills  
 
test.
 
11.6 – Taking the CDL Vehicle
 
Inspection Test
 
11.6.1 – Class A Vehicle Inspection Test
 
If you are applying for a Class A CDL, you will be  
 
required to perform one of the four versions of a  
 
Vehicle inspection in the vehicle you have brought  
 
with you for testing. Each of the four tests are  
 
equivalent and you will not know which test you will  
 
take until just before the testing begins.
 
All of the tests include an engine start, an in-cab�inspection, and an inspection of the coupling  
 
system. Then, your test may require an inspection  
 
of the entire vehicle or only a portion of the vehicle  
 
which your CDL Examiner will explain to you.
 
11.6.2 – Class B and C Vehicle Inspection Test
 
If you are applying for a Class B CDL, you will be  
 
required to perform one of the three versions of a  
 
Vehicle inspection in the vehicle you have brought  
 
with you for testing. Each of the three tests are  
 
equivalent and you will not know which test you will  
 
take until just before the testing begins.
 
All of the tests include an engine start and an in�cab inspection. Then, your test may require an  
 
inspection of the entire vehicle or only a portion of  
 
the vehicle which your CDL Examiner will explain to  
 
you. You will also have to inspect any special  
 
features of your vehicle (e.g, school or transit bus).
 

Latest revision as of 23:30, 15 July 2021

This CDL Vehicle Inspection Test represents the July 2017 version of the Section 11 "Vehicle Inspection Test" of the Commercial Driver's License Manual adopted by the state of Virginia. The manual was developed for the 2005 CDL Testing System.


Section 11 introduction

Purpose

During the Vehicle inspection, you must show that the vehicle is safe to drive. You will have to walk around the vehicle, name and point to/ touch each item and explain to the examiner what you are checking and why.

Restrictions

Any vehicle that has components marked or labeled cannot be used for the Vehicle Inspection test.

Scope

This Section covers:
  • Internal Inspection
  • External Inspection

All Vehicles (11.1)

Study the following vehicle parts for the type of vehicle you will be using during the CDL skills tests. You should be able to identify each part and tell the examiner what you are looking for or inspecting.

Engine Compartment (Engine Off; 11.1.1)

Leaks/Hoses
  • Look for puddles on the ground.
  • Look for dripping fluids on underside of engine and transmission.
  • Inspect hoses for condition and leaks.
Oil Level
  • Check oil level when engine is off.
  • Indicate where dipstick is located.
  • Check that the oil level is within safe operating range. Level must be above refill mark.
Coolant Level
Looks at sight glass on radiator or coolant reservoir; adequate level will show in sight glass. If no sight glass is available, you must describe what s/he would look for after removing radiator cap.
Power Steering Fluid
Checks the dipstick and sees where the fluid level is relative to the refill mark or checks sight glass. Level must be above refill mark.
Engine Compartment Belts
Check the following belts for snugness (1/2 to 3/4 inch play at center of belt), cracks, frays, loose fibers or signs of wear:
  • Power steering belt.
  • Water pump belt.
  • Alternator belt.
  • Air compressor belt.
Note: If any of the components listed above are not belt driven, you must:
  • Tell the examiner which component(s) are not belt driven.
  • Make sure component(s) are operating properly, are not damaged or leaking, and are mounted securely.
Safe Start
  • Place gearshift lever in neutral (or park, for automatic transmissions).
  • Depress clutch before attempting to start the vehicle.
  • Start the vehicle and keep clutch depressed until engine reaches idling speed.
  • Then release clutch slowly.

Cab Check/Engine Start (11.1.2)

Oil Pressure Gauge
Make sure oil pressure gauge is working. Check that pressure gauge shows increasing or normal oil pressure or that the warning light goes off. If equipped, oil temperature gauge should begin a gradual rise to the normal operating range.
Temperature Gauge
Make sure the temperature gauge is working. Temperature should begin to climb to the normal operating range or temperature light should be off.
Air Gauge
Check that the air gauge is working properly and that the air compressor builds the air pressure to governor cut-out at approximately 120-140 psi or as specified by manufacturer.
Ammeter/Voltmeter
Check that gauges show alternator and/or generator is charging or that warning light is off.
Mirrors and Windshield
  • Mirrors should be clean and adjusted properly from the inside.
  • Windshield should be clean with no illegal stickers, no obstructions, or damage to the glass.
Emergency Equipment
  • Check for spare electrical fuses.
  • Check for three red reflective triangles and 6 fusees or 3 liquid burning flares.
  • Check that the fire extinguisher is properly charged and securely mounted.
Note: If the vehicle is not equipped with electrical fuses, you must mention this to the examiner.
Wipers/Washers
Check that wiper arms and blades are secure, not damaged, and operate smoothly. If equipped, windshield washers must operate correctly.
Lights/Reflectors/Reflector Tape Condition (Sides & Rear)
Test that dash indicators work when corresponding lights are turned on:
  • Left turn signal.
  • Right turn signal.
  • Four-way emergency flashers.
  • High beam headlight.
  • Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) indicator.
Check that all external lights and reflective equipment are clean and functional and none or broken or missing. Light and reflector checks include verification of correct color:
  • Clearance lights (red on rear, amber elsewhere).
  • Headlights (high and low beams).
  • Taillights.
  • Backing lights.
  • Turn signals.
  • Four-way flashers.
  • Brake lights.
  • Red reflectors (on rear) and amber reflectors (elsewhere).
  • Reflector tape condition
Note: Checks of brake, turn signal and four-way flasher functions must be done separately.
Horn
Check that air horn and/or electric horn work.
Heater/Defroster
Test that the heater and defroster work.
Parking Brake Check
  • With air pressure built to governor cutout and the parking brake engaged (trailer brakes released on combination vehicles), check that the parking brake will hold vehicle by gently trying to pull forward with parking brake on.
  • With air pressure built to governor cutout, the parking brake released and the trailer parking brake engaged (combination vehicles only), check that the trailer parking brake will hold vehicle by gently trying to pull forward with the trailer parking brake on.
Hydraulic Brake Check
  • Pump the brake pedal three times, then hold it down for five seconds. The brake pedal should not move (depress) during the five seconds.
  • If equipped with a hydraulic brake reserve (back-up) system, with the key off, depress the brake pedal and listen for the sound of the reserve system electric motor.
  • Check that the warning buzzer or light is off.
Air Brake Check (Air Brake Equipped Vehicles Only)
Failure to perform all three components of the air brake check correctly will result in an automatic failure of the vehicle inspection test. Air brake safety devices vary. However, this procedure is designed to see that any safety device operates correctly as air pressure drops from normal to a low air condition. For safety purposes, in areas where an incline is present, you will use wheel chocks during the air brake check. The proper procedures for inspecting the air brake system are as follows:
  1. With the air pressure built up to governor cutoff (120 – 140 psi), shut off the engine leaving the key in the “on” or “battery charge” position, chock your wheels if necessary, release the parking brake (all vehicles), and the tractor protection valve (combination vehicle) and fully apply the foot brake. Hold the foot brake for one minute. Check the air gauge to see if the air pressure drops more than three pounds in one minute (single vehicle) or four pounds in one minute (combination vehicle).
  2. Begin fanning off the air pressure by rapidly applying and releasing the foot brake. Low air warning devices (buzzer, light, flag) should activate before air pressure drops below 55 psi or level specified by the manufacturer.
  3. Continue to fan off the air pressure. At approximately 40 psi on a tractor-trailer combination vehicle (or level specified by the manufacturer), the tractor protection valve and parking brake valve should close (pop out). On other combination vehicle types and single vehicle types, the parking brake valve should close (pop out).
Service Brake Check
You will be required to check the application of air or hydraulic service brakes. This procedure is designed to determine that the brakes are working correctly and that the vehicle does not pull to one side or the other. Pull forward at 5 mph, apply the service brake and stop. Check to see that the vehicle does not pull to either side and that it stops when brake is applied.
Safety Belt
Check that the safety belt is securely mounted, adjusts, latches properly and is not ripped or frayed.

External Inspection (All Vehicles; 11.2)

Steering (11.2.1)

Steering Box/Hoses
  • Check that the steering box is securely mounted and not leaking. Look for any missing nuts and/or, bolts.
  • Check for power steering fluid leaks or damage to power steering hoses.
Steering Linkage
  • See that connecting links, arms, and rods from the steering box to the wheel are not worn or cracked.
  • Check that joints and sockets are not worn or loose and that there are no missing nuts, bolts, or cotter keys.

Suspension (11.2.2)

Springs/Air/Torque
  • Look for missing, shifted, cracked, or broken leaf springs.
  • Look for broken or distorted coil springs.
  • If vehicle is equipped with torsion bars, torque arms, or other types of suspension components, check that they are not damaged and are mounted securely.
  • Air ride suspension should be checked for damage and leaks.
Mounts
Look for cracked or broken spring hangers, missing or damaged bushings, and broken, loose, or missing bolts, u-bolts or other axle mounting parts. (The mounts should be checked at each point where they are secured to the vehicle frame and axle[s]).
Shock Absorbers
  • See that shock absorbers are secure and that there are no leaks.
Note: Be prepared to perform the same suspension components inspection on every axle (power unit and trailer, if equipped).

Brakes (11.2.3)

Slack Adjustors and Pushrods
  • Look for broken, loose, or missing parts.
  • For manual slack adjustors, the brake pushrod should not move more than one inch (with the brakes released) when pulled by hand.
Brake Chambers
See that brake chambers are not leaking, cracked, or dented and are mounted securely. There are no loose or missing clamps.
Brake Hoses/Lines
Look for cracked, worn, or leaking hoses, lines, and couplings.
Drum Brake
  • Check for cracks, dents, or holes. Also check for loose or missing bolts.
  • Check for contaminates such debris or oil/grease.
  • Brake linings (where visible) should not be worn dangerously thin.
Brake Linings
  • On some brake drums, there are openings where the brake linings can be seen from outside the drum. For this type of drum, check that a visible amount of brake lining is showing.
Note: Be prepared to perform the same brake components inspection on every axle (power unit and trailer, if equipped).

Wheels (11.2.4)

Rims
  • Check for damaged or bent rims. Rims cannot have welding repairs. Check rims for rust trails that may indicate the rim is loose on the wheel.
Tires
The following items must be inspected on every tire:
  • Tread depth: Check for minimum tread depth (4/32 on steering axle tires, 2/32 on all other tires).
  • Tire condition: Check that tread is evenly worn and look for cuts or other damage to tread or sidewalls. Also, make sure that valve caps and stems are not missing, broken, or damaged.
  • Tire inflation: Check for proper inflation by using a tire gauge. Note: You will not get credit if you simply kick the tires or use a mallet to check for proper inflation.
Hub Oil Seals/Axle Seals
  • See that hub oil/grease seals and axle seals are not leaking and, if wheel has a sight glass, oil level is adequate.
Lug Nuts
  • Check that all lug nuts are present, free of cracks and distortions, and show no signs of looseness such as rust trails or shiny threads.
  • Make sure all bolt holes are not cracked or distorted.
Spacers or Budd Spacing
  • If equipped, check that spacers are not bent, damaged, or rusted through; and are centered with dual tires evenly separated.
  • Check the space between the tires for debris and/or foreign objects.
Note: Be prepared to perform the same wheel inspection on every axle (power unit and trailer, if equipped).

Side of Vehicle (11.2.5)

Door(s)/Mirror(s)
  • Check that door(s) are not damaged and that they open and close properly from the outside.
  • Hinges should be secure with seals intact.
  • Check that mirror(s) and mirror brackets are not damaged and are mounted securely with no loose fittings.
Fuel Tank
Check that tank(s) are secure, cap(s) are tight, and that there are no leaks from tank(s) or lines.
Drive Shaft
  • See that drive shaft is not bent or cracked.
  • Couplings should be secure and free of foreign objects.
Exhaust System
  • Check system for damage and signs of leaks such as rust or carbon soot. Exhaust system should not have cracks, holes or severe dents
  • System should be connected tightly and mounted securely.
Frame
Look for cracks, broken welds, holes or other damage to the longitudinal frame members, cross members, box, and floor.

Rear of Vehicle (11.2.6)

Splash Guards
  • If equipped, check that splash guards or mud flaps are not damaged and are mounted securely.
Doors/Ties/Lifts
  • Check that doors and hinges are not damaged and that they open, close, and latch properly from the outside, if equipped.
  • Ties, straps, chains, and binders must also be secure.
  • If equipped with a cargo lift, look for leaking, damaged or missing parts and explain how it should be checked for correct operation.
  • Lift must be fully retracted and latched securely.

Tractor/Coupling (11.2.7)

Air/Electric Lines
  • Listen for air leaks. Check that air hoses and electrical lines are not cut, chafed, spliced, or worn (steel braid should not show through).
  • Make sure air and electrical lines are not tangled, pinched, or dragging against tractor parts.
Catwalk/Steps
  • Check that the catwalk is solid, clear of objects, and securely bolted to tractor frame.
  • Check that steps leading to the cab entry and catwalk (if equipped) are solid, clear of objects, and securely bolted to tractor frame.
Mounting Bolts
  • Look for loose or missing mounting brackets, clamps, bolts, or nuts. Both the fifth wheel and the slide mounting must be solidly attached.
  • Check for loose or missing mounting bolts and for broken welds for pintle hook or other type of hitch mount, and tongue/draw-bar assembly to ensure that they are solidly attached in place.
  • On other types of coupling systems (i.e., ball hitch, pintle hook, etc.), inspect all coupling components and mounting brackets for missing or broken parts.
Hitch Release Lever
  • Check to see that the hitch release lever is in place and is secure.
Locking Jaws
  • Look into fifth wheel gap and check that locking jaws are fully closed around the kingpin.
  • On other types of coupling systems (i.e., ball hitch, pintle hook, etc.), inspect the locking mechanism for missing or broken parts and make sure it is locked securely. If present, safety cables or chains must be secure and free of kinks and excessive slack.
5th Wheel Skid Plate
  • Check for proper lubrication and that 5th wheel skid plate is securely mounted to the platform and that all bolts and pins are secure and not missing.
Platform (Fifth Wheel)
  • Check for cracks or breaks in the platform structure which supports the fifth wheel skid plate.
Release Arm (Fifth Wheel)
  • If equipped, make sure the release arm is in the engaged position and the safety latch is in place.
Kingpin/Apron/Gap
  • Explain that locking jaws holds kingpin in place and that the kingpin is not bent or damaged.
  • Make sure the visible part of the apron is not bent, cracked, or broken.
  • Check that the trailer is lying flat on the fifth wheel skid plate (no gap).
  • Check for kingpin lock.
Locking Pins (Fifth Wheel)
  • If equipped, look for loose or missing pins in the slide mechanism of the sliding fifth wheel. If air powered, check for leaks.
  • Make sure locking pins are fully engaged.
  • Check that the fifth wheel is positioned properly so that the tractor frame will clear the landing gear during turns.
Sliding Pintle
  • Check the sliding pintle hook for excessive wear and to ensure it is secure with no loose or missing nuts or bolts and cotter pin is in place.
Tongue or Draw-bar
  • Check that the tongue/draw-bar is not bent or twisted and checks for broken welds and stress cracks.
  • Check that the tongue/draw-bar eye is not worn excessively.
Tongue Storage Area
  • Check that the storage area is solid and secured to the tongue.
  • Check that cargo in the storage area i.e. chains, binders, etc. are secure.

School Bus Only (11.3)

Emergency Equipment
  • In addition to checking for spare electrical fuses (if equipped), three red reflective triangles, 6 fusees or 3 liquid burning flares and a properly charged and rated fire extinguisher, school bus drivers must also inspect the following emergency equipment:
  • Emergency Kit
  • Body Fluid Cleanup Kit
Lighting Indicators
In addition to checking the lighting indicators listed in Section 10.2 of this manual, school bus drivers must also check the following lighting indicators (internal panel lights):
  • Alternately flashing amber lights indicator, if equipped.
  • Alternately flashing red lights indicator.
  • Strobe light indicator, if equipped.
Lights/Reflectors
In addition to checking the lights and reflective devices listed in Section 10.2 of this manual, school bus drivers must also check the following (external) lights and reflectors:
  • Strobe light, if equipped is operational and is not broken.
  • Stop arm light, if equipped.
  • Alternately flashing amber lights, if equipped are operational and not broken.
  • Alternately flashing red lights, on both the front and back of the vehicle are operational and not broken.
Student Mirrors
In addition to checking the external mirrors, school bus drivers must also check the internal and external mirrors used for observing students:
  • Check for proper adjustment.
  • Checks that all internal and external mirrors and mirror brackets are not damaged and are mounted securely with no loose fittings.
  • Checks that visibility is not impaired due to dirty mirrors.
Stop Arm/Safety Arm
  • If equipped, check the stop arm to see that it is mounted securely to the frame of the vehicle. Also, check for loose fittings and damage. Checks that stop arm extends fully when operated.
Passenger Entry/Lift
  • Check that the entry door is not damaged, operates smoothly, and closes securely from the inside.
  • Hand rails are secure and the step light is working, if equipped.
  • The entry steps must be clear with the treads not loose or worn excessively.
  • If equipped with a handicap lift, look for leaking, damaged, or missing parts and explain how lift should be checked for correct operation. Lift must be fully retracted and latched securely.
Emergency Exit
  • Demonstrate that at least one emergency exit is not damaged, operates smoothly, and closes securely from the inside.
  • Check that release handle can be operated properly from both inside and outside the vehicle.
  • Point out and describe how all other emergency exits operate
  • Check that any emergency exit warning devices are working properly.
Seating
  • Look for broken seat frames and check that seat frames are firmly attached to the floor.
  • Check that seat cushions are attached securely to the seat frames.

Trailer (11.4)

Trailer Front (11.4.1)

Air/Electrical Connections
  • Check that trailer air connectors are sealed and in good condition.
  • Make sure glad hands are locked in place, free of damage or air leaks.
  • Make sure the trailer electrical plug is firmly seated and locked in place.
Header Board
  • If equipped, check the header board to see that it is secure, free of damage, and strong enough to contain cargo.
  • If equipped, the canvas or tarp carrier must be mounted and fastened securely.
  • On enclosed trailers, check the front area for signs of damage such as cracks, bulges, or holes.

Side of Trailer (11.4.2)

Landing Gear
  • Check that the landing gear is fully raised, has no missing parts, crank handle is secure, and the support frame and landing pads are not damaged.
  • If power operated, check for air or hydraulic leaks.
Doors/Ties/Lifts
  • If equipped, check that doors are not damaged.
  • Check that doors open, close, and latch properly from the outside.
  • Check that ties, straps, chains, and binders are secure.
  • If equipped with a cargo lift, look for leaking, damaged or missing parts and explain how it should be checked for correct operation.
  • Lift should be fully retracted and latched securely.
Frame
  • Look for cracks, broken welds, holes or other damage to the frame, cross members, box, and floor.
Tandem Release Arm/Locking Pins
  • If equipped, make sure the locking pins are locked in place and release arm is secured.

Remainder of Trailer (11.4.3)

Remainder of Trailer
Please refer to Section 11.2 of this manual for detailed inspection procedures regarding the following components:
  • Wheels.
  • Suspension system.
  • Brakes.
  • Doors/ties/lift.
  • Splash guards.

Coach/Transit Bus (11.5)

Passenger Items (11.5.1)

Passenger Entry/Lift
  • Check that entry doors operate smoothly and close securely from the inside.
  • Check that hand rails are secure and, if equipped, that the step light(s) are working.
  • Check that the entry steps are clear, with the treads not loose or worn excessively.
  • If equipped with a handicap lift, look for any leaking, damaged or missing part, and explain how it should be checked for correct operation.
  • Lift should be fully retracted and latched securely.
Emergency Exits
  • Make sure that all emergency exits are not damaged, operate smoothly, and close securely from the inside.
  • Check that any emergency exit warning devices are working.
Passenger Seating
  • Look for broken seat frames and check that seat frames are firmly attached to the floor.
  • Check that seat cushions are attached securely to the seat frames.

Entry/Exit (11.5.2)

Doors/Mirrors
  • Check that entry/exit doors are not damaged and operate smoothly from the outside. Hinges should be secure with seals intact.
  • Make sure that the passenger exit mirrors and all external mirrors and mirror brackets are not damaged and are mounted securely with no loose fittings.

External Inspection of Coach/Transit Bus (11.5.3)

Level/Air Leaks
  • See that the vehicle is sitting level (front and rear), and if air-equipped, check for audible air leaks from the suspension system.
Fuel Tank(s)
  • See that fuel tank(s) are secure with no leaks from tank(s) or lines.
Baggage Compartments
  • Check that baggage and all other exterior compartment doors are not damaged, operate properly, and latch securely.
Battery/Box
  • Wherever located, see that battery(s) are secure, connections are tight, and cell caps are present.
  • Battery connections should not show signs of excessive corrosion.
  • Check that battery box and cover or door is not damaged and is secure.

Remainder of Coach/Transit Bus (11.5.4)

Remainder of Vehicle
  • Please refer to Section 11.2 of this manual for detailed inspection procedures for the remainder of the vehicle.
  • Remember, the Vehicle Inspection must be passed before you can proceed to the Basic Control Skills test.

Taking the CDL Vehicle Inspection Test (11.6)

Class A Vehicle Inspection Test (11.6.1)

If you are applying for a Class A CDL, you will be required to perform one of the four versions of a Vehicle inspection in the vehicle you have brought with you for testing. Each of the four tests are equivalent and you will not know which test you will take until just before the testing begins.
All of the tests include an engine start, an in-cab inspection, and an inspection of the coupling system. Then, your test may require an inspection of the entire vehicle or only a portion of the vehicle which your CDL Examiner will explain to you.

Class B and C Vehicle Inspection Test (11.6.2)

If you are applying for a Class B CDL, you will be required to perform one of the three versions of a Vehicle inspection in the vehicle you have brought with you for testing. Each of the three tests are equivalent and you will not know which test you will take until just before the testing begins.
All of the tests include an engine start and an in-cab inspection. Then, your test may require an inspection of the entire vehicle or only a portion of the vehicle which your CDL Examiner will explain to you. You will also have to inspect any special features of your vehicle (e.g, school or transit bus).

See also

Semi-trailer truck inspection

Main wikipage: Semi-trailer truck pre-trip inspection