Annual percentage rate
Annual percentage rate (better known by its acronym, APR; alternatively known as annual interest rate, interest rate per year, interest rate earned per year; as symbols also referred as i, I, I/YR, and r; hereinafter, the Rate) is the annual interest rate or, in other words, the rate of return that is applied over a period of one year.
Theoretically, interest rates, lease rates, and rates of return may be applied over different periods. However, unless that different period is specifically mentioned, all of those terms practically mean the Rate as well.
Contents
Trivia
Definitions
- According to Financial Management Theory and Practice by Eugene F. Brigham and Michael C. Ehrhardt (13th edition),
- APR. The nominal annual interest rate is also called the annual percentage rate.
- According to Principles of Economics by Timothy Taylor (3rd edition),
- Interest rate. A payment calculated as a percentage of the original amount saved or borrowed, and paid by the borrower to the saver.
Description
- The Rate is what a lender charges a borrower and a borrower pays a lender, expressed as a percentage of the principal. If a bank gives a loan to a business, the bank charges its interest. When an individual deposits money into a savings account in a bank, this employee expects his or her interest to be added to the principal amount of the deposit.
- Usually, the borrowed resource is a building, cash, enterprise assets such as inventory or technology, consumer products such as college tuition or vehicle, or any other asset that the borrower needs and the lender has.
Factors that affect the rates
The Rate's level is influenced by many factors including (a) supply and demand, (b) risk associated with the borrower's ability to re-pay the principal and pay the interest amounts, (c) inflation, and (d) government policies.
Supply and demand
- Both the supply of and demand for credit in a regional economy primarily influence the Rates.
Risk to lend
- After the supply of and demand for credit, the most significant factor that influences the Rates is the amount of risk associated with the borrower's ability to re-pay the principal and pay the interest amounts. Usually, the lender has choices how to use its assets and balancing between making more profits while investing in riskier projects versus having more stable revenue while investing more securely.
Inflation
- The higher the inflation rate, the higher interest rates rise. That is because interest earned on money loaned must compensate for inflation. As compensation for a decline in the purchasing power of money that they will be repaid in the future, lenders charge higher interest rates.
Government policies
- In some cases, the government’s monetary policy influences the amount of interest rates. Also, when the government buys more securities, banks are injected with more money to be used for lending, and thus interest rates decrease. When the government sells these securities, money from the banks gets drained, giving banks less money for lending purposes and leading to a rise in interest rates.
Classification
See also
Related concepts
- Financial management. A combination of enterprise efforts undertaken in order to procure and utilize monetary resources of the enterprise.
