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| − | [[Introduction to Career Administration]] (hereinafter, the ''Lecture'') is a lecture introducing the learners to [[career administration]] and related topics. The ''Lecture'' is the fifth of eight lectures of '''[[WorldOpp Orientation]]''' (hereinafter, the ''Orientation''). | + | The [[Book of KSA Projects]] (hereinafter, the ''Session'') is the learning session that has been created to introduce its participants to [[education]] and related topics. The ''Session'' consists of five [[lesson]]s, each of which is made of three to six [[lectio]]s. At [[CNMCyber]], a [[lectio]] is a [[lectio|lesson part]]. |
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| | + | [[File:Educaship-pipeline.png|400px|thumb|[[WorldOpp Pipeline]]]]The official version of the ''Session'' is published on [[CNM Cert]]. The ''Session'' materials are also published on [[CNM Tube]], [[CNM Wiki]], and various channels for marketing and convenience purposes. The ''Session'' belongs to '''[[EmployableU Concepts]]'''. |
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| − | ==Outline==
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| − | ''[[Introduction to Career Administration]] is the predecessor lecture.''
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| | | | |
| − | ===Education essentials=== | + | ==Summaries== |
| − | :'''[[Education]]'''. The [[process]] and/or [[product]] of facilitating one's acquisition of [[KSA]]s.<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
| + | ===Predecessor=== |
| − | :*'''[[Formal education]]''' ([[formal training]]). The [[education]] that is delivered in accordance with a formal curriculum and calendar that is officially approved usually by the government or some accreditation body. In most of contemporary countries, [[formal education]] consists of [[compulsory education]] and [[post-secondary education]].
| + | :The predecessor session is [[Introduction to Careers]]. |
| − | :*'''[[Compulsory education]]'''. The part of [[formal education]] that is imposed by government and, with some exceptions, required of all people. In most of contemporary countries, [[compulsory education]] consists of [[primary education]] and [[secondary education]]. | |
| − | :*[[File:Blooms-taxonomy.png|400px|thumb|[[Bloom's taxonomy]]]]'''[[Educational objective]]'''. A goal of gaining specified [[knowledge, skills, and abilities]] by a learner as a result of a specified learning activity or a set of activities. [[Bloom's taxonomy]] is one of attempts to classify [[educational objective]]s.</div>
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| − | :[[File:Attitude.png|400px|thumb|[[Attitude]]]]'''[[Development domain]]'''. One of three domains that group [[educational objective]]s according to their bases: (a) [[cognitive domain]] for development of [[knowledge]], (b) [[affective domain]] for development of [[emotion]]s, and [[psychomotor domain]] for development of [[action]]s.<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;"> | + | ===Outline=== |
| − | :*'''[[Cognitive domain]]'''. The [[development domain]] that groups those [[educational objective]]s that target development of [[knowledge]].
| + | :{|class="wikitable" width=100% style="text-align:center;" |
| − | :*'''[[Affective domain]]'''. The [[development domain]] that groups those [[educational objective]]s that target development of [[emotion]]s.
| + | |+[[Introduction to Education]] |
| − | :*'''[[Psychomotor domain]]'''. The [[development domain]] that groups those [[educational objective]]s that target development of [[action]]s.</div>
| + | !# |
| | + | |width=25%|[[Lesson]]s |
| | + | ![[Lectio]]s |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |1 |
| | + | ![[Education Essentials]] |
| | + | |[[What Learning Is]], [[What Education Is]], [[Educational Objectives]], [[What Training Is]], [[Training Targets]] |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |2 |
| | + | ![[Educational Methods]] |
| | + | |[[Methods of Study]], [[Content Deliveries]], [[Practical Instructions]], [[Cognitive Studies]], [[Experiential Studies]] |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |3 |
| | + | ![[Learning Management]] |
| | + | |[[Environments for Study]], [[Educational Formats]], [[Learning Resources]], [[Learning Arrangements]] |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |4 |
| | + | ![[Certifications of Study]] |
| | + | |[[Educational Credentials]], [[Academic Credentials]], [[Educational Institutions]], [[Credentialing Bodies]], [[Workforce Developers]] |
| | + | |} |
| | | | |
| − | ===Educational methods=== | + | ===Successor=== |
| − | :'''[[Educational method]]'''. An established [[procedure]] for one's [[education]]. These procedures can be grouped in several categories: [[narrated teaching]], [[practical instruction]], [[cognitive research]], [[experiential learning]], or some combination of those.<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;"> | + | :The successor session is [[Introduction to CNMCyber]]. |
| − | :*'''[[Social-learning theory]]'''. The view that we can learn through both [[observation]] and direct experience.</div>
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| − | :[[File:Narrated-teaching-ksa.png|400px|thumb|[[Narrated teaching]]]]'''[[Narrated teaching]]'''. Any [[educational method]] that is based on some narration such as [[lecturing]], [[storytelling]], or [[demonstrating]].<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
| + | ==See also== |
| − | :*'''[[Lecturing]]'''. Any [[narrated teaching]] that is based on one or more [[lecture]]s.
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| − | :*'''[[Storytelling]]'''. Any [[narrated teaching]] that is based on telling stories related to the subject of learning.
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| − | :*'''[[Demonstrating]]'''. Any [[narrated teaching]] that is based on one or more demonstrations.</div>
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| − | | |
| − | :[[File:Practical-instruction-ksa.png|400px|thumb|[[Practical instruction]]]]'''[[Practical instruction]]'''. Any [[educational method]] that is based on prescribed practical exercises related to the subject of learning.<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
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| − | :*'''[[Hands-on training]]'''. Any [[practical instruction]] that is based on completion hands-on assignments according to step-by-step instructions.
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| − | :*'''[[Guided experiment]]'''. Any [[practical instruction]] that is based on executing some experiments according to step-by-step instructions.</div>
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| − | | |
| − | :'''[[Cognitive research]]'''. Any [[educational method]] that is based on experience that requires cognitive analysis, synthesis, and/or evaluation of the subject of learning.<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
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| − | :*'''[[Formative assessment]]'''. An [[educational method]] that is based on assessment that is formatted to provide detailed [[feedback]] afterwards, possibly during [[debriefing]] or a [[lessons learned]] session. Learners may also be encouraged to either complete specified assessment activities or obtain specified scores on them.
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| − | :*'''[[Substantive discussion]]'''. An [[educational method]] that is based on one or more discussions on the matters that go beyond conventionally-formalized concepts, possibly followed by [[debriefing]] or a [[lessons learned]] session.
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| − | :*'''[[Case method]]'''. An [[educational method]] that is based on usage of decision-forcing cases to put students in the role of people who were faced with difficult decisions at some point in the past. In sharp contrast to many other [[educational method]]s, the [[case method]] requires that instructors refrain from providing their own opinions about the decisions in question. At the same time, instructor's feedback may be provided during the following [[debriefing]] or a [[lessons learned]] session.
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| − | :*'''[[Socratic method]]'''. An [[educational method]] that is based on [[critical thinking]] while answering challenging questions related to the subject of learning.</div>
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| − | | |
| − | :'''[[Experiential learning]]''' ([[Experiential learning|learning by doing]], [[Experiential learning|learning through play]]). Any [[educational method]] that is based on both direct experience and cognitive reflection on that experience. Those methods may include a wide range of techniques from [[observation]]s to [[experiment]]s and [[heuristic technique]]s, but the following consideration of what was observed and what can be learned is the key. That methodology may also be defined as ''learning through reflection on doing''.<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
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| − | :*'''[[Project-based learning]]''' ([[problem-based learning]]). An [[educational method]] that is based on experiential working on real-world projects related to the subject of learning.
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| − | :*'''[[Exploratory research]]'''. An [[educational method]] that is based on completing one or more researches that relate to the subject of learning, but which procedure cannot be fully prescribed and which results cannot be completely estimated.
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| − | :*'''[[Learning through failure]]'''. A [[heuristic technique]] to utilize experience for learning.</div>
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| − | | |
| − | ===Learning environments===
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| − | :'''[[Educational format]]'''. The layout of one's [[education]]. This layout include organization of roles, functions, technology, and other arrangements for the educational process.<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
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| − | :*'''[[Traditional classroom]]'''. Any [[educational format]] that is based on a regular classroom in which a teacher narrates educational topics while using some board or display for [[demonstrating]] and one or more students listen to him or her.
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| − | :*'''[[Flipped classroom]]'''. Any [[educational format]] that is the opposite of a [[traditional classroom]]. The students are supposed to review pre-recorded lectures or use other [[learning tool]]s outside of the classroom. The teacher usually facilitates learning activities such as [[practical instruction]], [[cognitive research]], and/or [[experiential learning]] in the classroom.
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| − | :*'''[[On-the-job training]]'''. Any [[educational format]] that is based on [[training]] provided at the workplace. This training can be anything from time to think on work problems and/or use related [[learning tool]]s and up to [[one-on-one mentoring]].
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| − | :*'''[[One-on-one mentoring]]'''. Any [[educational format]] that is based on a relationship between one [[mentor]] and one student.
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| − | :*'''[[Study group]]'''. Any [[educational format]] that is based on a group of students that gathers to learn specified topics. [[Study circle]]s use a similar format, but their topics are more vague.</div>
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| − | | |
| − | :'''[[Learning tool]]'''. Any [[tool]] helpful in learning. Those tools may include (a) printed materials such as books, textbooks, handouts, articles, study guides, technical documentation; (b) audio materials such as audio files, collections, or natural experiences; (c) graphic materials such as illustrations, charts, real objects, photographs; (d) audiovisual materials such as video files, collections, natural and/or multimedia experiences; (e) special software such as [[learning management system]]s, [[MOOC]]s, [[collaborative knowledge system]]s, learning games, etc.<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
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| − | :*'''[[MOOC]]'''. A kind of [[computer-aided education]] that represents a [[massive open online course]] aimed at unlimited participation and open access via [[World Wide Web]].
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| − | :*'''[[Learning management system]]'''. A [[system]] such as [[CNM Campus]] for the administration, documentation, tracking, reporting and delivery of educational courses, training programs, or learning and development programs. Usually, this system is built on [[learning management software]] such as [[CNM Courseware]].
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| − | :*'''[[Collaborative knowledge system]]'''. A [[system]] such as [[CNM Wiki]] for collaborative design, development, and delivery of knowledge. Usually, this system is built on [[content management software]] such as [[CNM Wikiware]].</div>
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| − | :'''[[Learning arrangement]]'''. A particular way in which [[learning tool]]s, [[educational format]]s, [[educational method]]s, [[elicitation technique|elicitation]] and other [[technique]]s are put together in order to facilitate one's learning. The arrangements may include learning games, competitions, role plays, simulations, field trips, and other settings arranged to stimulate one's [[observation]]s and direct experiences.<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
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| − | :*'''[[Computer-aided education]]'''. Any [[educational format]] that uses [[learning management system]] based on some software. This format can complement any other learning arrangement.
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| − | :*'''[[Internship]]'''. A period of professional experience offered by an [[organization]] for a limited period of time to students enrolled into programs related to that profession. [[Internship]] can be considered as a complement to [[formal education]]; for some students, especially those in the medical field, [[internship]] is a requirement for an [[educational credential]].
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| − | :*'''[[Apprenticeship]]'''. An arrangement in which someone called an [[apprentice]] learns on the job and, often, at some [[educational institution]]. [[Apprenticeship]] can also refer to the position of an [[apprentice]].
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| − | :*'''[[Elicitation technique]]'''. An established [[procedure]] for gathering [[enterprise data]] from [[human being]]s. [[Elicitation technique]]s are used in anthropology, cognitive science, counseling, education, knowledge engineering, linguistics, management, philosophy, psychology, and other fields. A person who interacts with human subjects in order to elicit information from them is called an [[elicitor]]. The most common ''techniques'' include [[interview]]s, [[brainstorming]], [[focus group]]s, [[artifact testing]], [[observation]], and [[questionnaire survey]].</div>
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| − | | |
| − | ===Educational credentials===
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| − | :'''[[Educational credential]]'''. A [[credential]] that confirms one's [[education]]. Some [[educational institution]]s offer educational programs especially in creative arts and the medical field that combine credentialing of academic achievements and professional experience.<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
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| − | :*[[File:Apprentice-ksa.png|400px|thumb|[[Apprenticeship]]]]'''[[Registered apprenticeship]]'''. In the [[United States]], [[apprenticeship]] that is registered and overseen by a government organization. In some states, this organization is the [[United States Department Of Labor]]; similar state bodies register and oversee [[registered apprenticeship]]s in the other states. Those organizations issue [[educational credential]]s to the graduates from the [[registered apprenticeship]]s.</div>
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| − | :'''[[Academic credential]]'''. An [[educational credential]] that is issued by an [[educational institution]] or [[credentialing organization]] to certify specific academic achievements traditionally related to someone's knowledge.<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
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| − | :*'''[[High school diploma]]'''. An [[academic credential]] that certifies that someone has been graduated from a high school.
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| − | :*'''[[GED]]''' ([[General Equivalency Diploma]]). A credential that certifies that someone has successfully passed the test that covers United States or Canadian high school-level academic skills.
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| − | :*'''[[Diploma]]'''. A certificate or deed issued by an educational institution, such as college or university, that testifies that the recipient has successfully completed a particular course of study.
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| − | :*'''[[Associate degree]]''' (or [[associate's degree]]). An undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study intended to usually last two years or more.
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| − | :*'''[[Bachelor's degree]]'''. An undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to seven years depending on institution and academic discipline.
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| − | :*[[File:Masters-degree-ksa.png|400px|thumb|[[Master's degree]]]]'''[[Master's degree]]'''. A graduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting one to three years beyond the coursework required by a [[Bachelor's degree]].
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| − | :*'''[[PhD]]''' ([[Doctor of Philosophy]], also known as [[PhD degree]] or [[Ph.D.]]). The highest, terminal academic degree awarded by universities in most countries. The requirements to earn a [[PhD]] regularly include comprehensive examinations and work on thesis or dissertation based on extensive research.
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| − | :*'''[[Professional degree]]'''. A degree that prepares someone to work in a particular profession, often meeting the academic requirements for licensure or accreditation.
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| − | :*'''[[Credentialism]]''' ([[academic inflation]]). The process of the devaluation of educational qualifications because of the needs of [[educational institution]]s to increase revenues and cut expenses, on one side, and increasing demands, on the other side. This process further provokes [[credential creep]].</div>
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| − | | |
| − | ===Educational service providers===
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| − | :'''[[Educational institution]]'''. An [[enterprise]], usually an [[organization]] or its constituent part, that exists in order to provide the public with [[education]].<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
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| − | :*'''[[Preschool]]''' ([[nursery school]], [[kindergarten]]). An [[educational institution]] that offers early childhood education to children before they begin [[compulsory education]] at [[primary school]].
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| − | :*'''[[Elementary school]]''' ([[primary school]]). An [[educational institution]] that offers initial or primary [[compulsory education]], in the [[United States]] and [[Canada]], from the age of about seven to twelve. Students usually attend [[elementary school]] after [[preschool]] and before [[secondary school]].
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| − | :*'''[[Secondary school]]''' (in the [[United States]], a combination of [[middle school]] and [[high school]]). An [[educational institution]] that offers [[compulsory education]] beyond its primary level that is offered at [[elementary school]]. In the [[United States]] and [[Canada]], the students of [[secondary school]]s are from the age of about twelve to eighteen.
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| − | :*'''[[Tertiary school]]''' ([[college]], [[university]], [[post-secondary school]]). An [[educational institution]] that facilitates learning beyond [[compulsory education]] and awards [[academic credential]]s higher than [[high school diploma]]s.
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| − | :*'''[[Vocational school]]''' ([[trade school]], [[career center]], or [[vocational college]]). An [[educational institution]] that facilitates learning beyond [[compulsory education]], but does not award [[academic credential]]s higher than [[high school diploma]]s. Instead, [[vocational school]]s concentrate on those [[occupation]]s that do not require advanced [[academic credential]]s and those [[KSA]]s that are needed in order to start working in those [[occupation]]s.</div>
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| − | | |
| − | :'''[[Self-education]]''' ([[autodidacticism]], [[autodidactism]], [[self-learning]], [[self-directed learning]], and [[self-teaching]]) is [[education]] without the guidance of masters (such as teachers and professors) or [[educational institution]]s. A self-learner chooses the subject of study, their [[learning tool]]s, and [[educational format]].<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
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| − | :*[[File:Observation.png|400px|thumb|right|[[Observation]]]]'''[[Observation]]'''. The [[data-gathering technique]] that is based on watching something or someone.</div>
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| − | | |
| − | ''[[Introduction to Careerprise Services]] is the successor lecture.''
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| | | | |
| − | ==Materials==
| + | [[Category:CNM Cyber Curriculum]][[Category:Lecture notes]] |
| − | ===Recorded audio===
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| − | ===Recorded video===
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| − | :*https://youtu.be/LrUmDbuDfFc (lecture preview) | |
| − | :*https://youtu.be/0uzVhrUtqxU (essentials)
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| − | :*https://youtu.be/gjTMEDHpj3o (methods)
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| | | | |
| − | ===Live sessions=== | + | ==Preview presentations== |
| | | | |
| − | ===Texts and graphics=== | + | ===Video=== |
| | + | :The video preview presentation, 1:37 minutes, is published on https://youtu.be/LrUmDbuDfFc. Here is its full text:<blockquote><p>In this session we will talk about educational essentials, what is education, formal training, compulsory education. We will start by education objectives, we will take a look at Bloom`s taxonomy of education objectives, we will discuss different domains of them, the effectiveness of them.</p><p>We will touch educational methods including [[narrated instruction]], practical instruction, cognitive research and experiential learning. Then we will go to [[learning environment]]s. We will touch educational formats, leaning tools including, [[learning management system]]s and document collaboration system which are widely used right now.</p><p>Then we will go to learning arrangements such as internships, apprenticeships, elicitation techniques, anything which can be created with elicitation techniques. We will touch education credentials including academic credentials and we will end with academic service providers.</p><p>Hopefully we will be ready to go to carrier price services.</p></blockquote> |
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| − | ===Quiz questions=== | + | ===Web=== |
| − | :Sample true/false questions:
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| − | :#Education is (not) the product and/or process of facilitating the acquisition of KSA's.
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| − | :#Education can (not) be formal or self-directed.
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| − | :#Formal education and self-education can (not) be combined.
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| − | :#Only acknowledged schools, colleges, and universities can (not) provide one with education.
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| − | :#Only acknowledged schools, colleges, and universities can (not) provide one with proper education.
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| − | :#Only acknowledged schools, colleges, and universities can (not) provide one with formal education.
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| − | :#Any employer can (not) serve as an educational institution.
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| − | :#Any organization can (not) serve as an educational institution.
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| − | :#Better schools (do not necessarily) lead to better education.
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| − | :#Formal education is (not) learning that is facilitated only by acknowledged schools, colleges, and universities.
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| − | :#Formal education is (not) learning that is organized by a learner him- or her-self.
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| − | :#Self-education is (not) education that is facilitated only by acknowledged schools, colleges, and universities.
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| − | :#Self-education is (not) education that is organized by a learner him- or her-self.
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| − | :#Self-education can (not) be active.
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| − | :#Observation is (not) an example of self-education.
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| − | :#Observation is (not) an example of narrated education.
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| − | :#Observation is (not) an example of practical instruction.
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| − | :#Observation is (not) an example of active learning.
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| − | :#Lecturing, storytelling, and demonstrating are (not) examples of self-education.
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| − | :#Lecturing, storytelling, and demonstrating are (not) examples of narrated education.
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| − | :#Lecturing, storytelling, and demonstrating are (not) examples of practical instruction.
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| − | :#Lecturing, storytelling, and demonstrating are (not) examples of active learning.
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| − | :#Hands-on training, directed research, and formative assessment are (not) examples of self-education.
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| − | :#Hands-on training, directed research, and formative assessment are (not) examples of narrated education.
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| − | :#Hands-on training, directed research, and formative assessment are (not) examples of practical instruction.
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| − | :#Hands-on training, directed research, and formative assessment are (not) examples of active learning.
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| − | :#Discussion, project-based learning, and exploratory research are (not) examples of self-education.
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| − | :#Discussion, project-based learning, and exploratory research are (not) examples of narrated education.
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| − | :#Discussion, project-based learning, and exploratory research are (not) examples of practical instruction.
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| − | :#Discussion, project-based learning, and exploratory research are (not) examples of active learning.
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| − | :#Discussion, project-based learning, and exploratory research can (not) be self-directed.
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| − | :#A high school diploma and professional degree are (not) examples of academic credential.
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| − | :#All academic credentials are (not) educational ones.
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| − | :#All educational credentials are (not) academic ones.
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| − | :#One can (not) land a good job without a high-school diploma.
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| − | :#One can (not) land a good job without an academic credential.
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| − | :#Apprenticeship is (not) a combination of education and work experience.
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| − | :#Graduating from university rather from an apprenticeship leads (does not necessarily lead) to a better job.
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| − | :#With regard to fast employment, schools and universities (do not) tend to be better than apprenticeship.
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| − | :#Graduating from apprenticeship rather from an university leads (does not necessarily lead) to a better job.
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| − | :#With regard to fast employment, apprenticeship (does not) tend to be better than schools and universities.
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| − | :#All interns are (not) paid.
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| − | :#All apprentices are (not) paid.
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| − | :#Internship complements (or does not complement) formal education.
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| − | :#Apprenticeship complements (or does not complement) formal education.
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| | ==See also== | | ==See also== |
| | | | |
| − | [[Category:WorldOpp Orientation]][[Category:Lecture notes]] | + | [[Category:Orientation Curriculum]][[Category:Lecture notes]] |
