Difference between revisions of "Maintenance Resource Management"

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[[Vaughn College AAM490]] (hereinafter, the ''Course'') is the [[maintenance resource management]] course delivered by [[Vaughn College of Aeronautics and Technology]] (hereinafter, the ''College''). ENG110 is the prerequisite to the ''Course''.
+
[[Maintenance Resource Management]] (hereinafter, the ''Course'') is the course delivered by [[Vaughn College of Aeronautics and Technology]] as [[Vaughn College AAM490]] and [[Shanghai Jian Qiao University]] as a part of its [[Aviation Maintenance Management Program]] in order to cover [[maintenance resource management]] concepts. [[#Prerequisite|English writing]] is the [[#Prerequisite|prerequisite]] to the ''Course''.
  
  
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===Course objectives===
 
===Course objectives===
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:Students will learn the objective of the [[Human Factors Dirty Dozen]] and the results of the chain reaction effect dealing with human factors. The students will also understand the relation of human factors related to the everyday operations in aviation. Students will also have an understanding of how a maintenance organization is composed of, the difficulties and the handling of daily maintenance non-routine issues and how scheduled maintenance is accomplished and maintained.
+
:Students will learn the objective of the [[Dirty Dozen of Human Factors]] and the results of the chain reaction effect dealing with [[human factors]]. The students will also understand the relation of [[human factors]] related to the everyday operations in aviation. Students will also have an understanding of how a maintenance organization is composed of, the difficulties and the handling of daily maintenance non-routine issues and how scheduled maintenance is accomplished and maintained.
  
 
:This will help the students to fulfill the concept of Maintenance Resource Management.
 
:This will help the students to fulfill the concept of Maintenance Resource Management.
  
 
===Course outcomes===
 
===Course outcomes===
−
:Students will have a good understanding of how maintenance management works, the fundamentals in building a successful maintenance organization and its relation to human factors. Students will work together to develop there skills in managing an overnight workload and the handling of multiple aircraft at one time. They will also have grasp the concept of scheduling work and the effect when the scheduling is disrupted and what is required to get back on track. This class environment will aid the students when applying to companies that handle aviation maintenance as they will have the knowledge on how the system works and its applications to the maintenance environment. This knowledge will excel their chances for advancement in the industry.
+
:Students will have a good understanding of how maintenance management works, the fundamentals in building a successful maintenance organization and its relation to [[human factors]]. Students will work together to develop there skills in managing an overnight workload and the handling of multiple aircraft at one time. They will also have grasp the concept of scheduling work and the effect when the scheduling is disrupted and what is required to get back on track. This class environment will aid the students when applying to companies that handle aviation maintenance as they will have the knowledge on how the system works and its applications to the maintenance environment. This knowledge will excel their chances for advancement in the industry.
  
 
===Course requirements===
 
===Course requirements===
−
:Student must follow the online course attendance policy in order to receive attendance credit for the week. 30 different sign-in application (2 per week) is the requirement.
+
:Student must follow the online course attendance policy in order to receive attendance credit for the week. 15 different sign-in application is the requirement.
 
:*Assignments: As directed by the instructor on a weekly basis with a written essay response for each assignment. Fourteen assignments over the fifteen week course.
 
:*Assignments: As directed by the instructor on a weekly basis with a written essay response for each assignment. Fourteen assignments over the fifteen week course.
−
:*Four tests including mid-term and the final. Quizzes added at the instructors discretion.
+
:*Final test. Quizzes added at the instructors discretion.
  
−
===Required text(s)===
+
===Required text===
−
:*Aviation maintenance management Second Edition Harry A. Kinnison
+
:*Human Factors in Aviation, Second Edition Eduardo Salas (Editor), Dan Maurino (Editor), ISBN 978-0123-74518-7
−
:*Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine Technology Third Edition by Irwine Treager
+
 
−
:*Human Factors in Aviation, Second Edition Eduardo Salas (Editor), Dan Maurino (Editor)
+
===Suggested texts===
 +
:*[[FAA AMT Handbook]], Chapter 14 ''Human Factors''
 +
:*[[FAA AC 120-72]]
 +
:*[[CAA Flight-crew human factors handbook CAP737]]
 +
:*Lectures, tests, videos, and other materials tend to be posted on [[CNMCyber]] at https://friendsofcnm.com/
  
 
===Required materials===
 
===Required materials===
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===Grading policy===
 
===Grading policy===
 
:{|class="wikitable" width=100% style="text-align:center;"
 
:{|class="wikitable" width=100% style="text-align:center;"
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|Area
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!Area
−
!Percentage
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|Percentage
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Assignment
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|Assignments
−
|40%
+
!40%
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Tests
+
|Class participation, critical review of a maintenance resource management article, refreshment quizzes, attendance
−
|40%
+
!20%
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Attendance
+
|Exam
−
|20%
+
!40%
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Total
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!Total
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!100%
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|100%
 
|}
 
|}
  
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==Course modules==
 
==Course modules==
 
The course schedule established for this semester is a guide. The schedule is subject to change and
 
The course schedule established for this semester is a guide. The schedule is subject to change and
−
will vary accordingly. After the 8-module schedule all required material will be covered and reviewed for the final exam.
+
will vary accordingly. After the 10-module schedule all required material will be covered and reviewed for the final exam.
  
−
===Module 1. Introduction to MRM===
+
===Module 1. Overview of MRM===
−
Human error.(1)The way to understand MRM is to explore the nature of errors inmaintenance operations.  A widely accepted model of human error is the  classification ofunsafe acts developed by J.T. Reason.  This classification distinguishes between twotypes of errors:(a)Active failures, whose effects are felt immediately in a system, and(b)Latent failures, whose effects may lie dormant until triggered later,usually by other mitigating factors.(2)The presence of defenses or safeguards in a system can usually prevent theeffects of latent failures from being felt by closing the window of opportunity duringwhich an active failure may be committed.  For example, consider the case of amechanic who assembled a component incorrectly which eventually led to a plane crashdays or even weeks later.  The defenses that should  have normally caught this mistakewere not in place.  These defenses include proper training (the mechanic was taught to fixthis particular component very informally and on-the-job), good situational awareness(the mechanic was tired from a double shift the night before), and independent inspection(the job was “pencil-whipped” to save time.)(3)Active failures are usually the result of actions taken (or not taken) by front-line operators such as pilots, air traffic controllers, or anyone else with direct access tothe dynamics of a system. Latent failures, on the other hand, are caused by thoseseparated by time and space from the consequences of their actions in the dynamics ofthe system.  Personnel working in  vocations such as architectural design, hardwaredesign and equipment maintenance are more prone to  cause latent failures than activefailures.
+
:[[Maintenance resource management]], [[crew resource management]], [[ergonomics]], [[human factors]]
−
AC 120-729/28/00Par 8Page 8(4)Both active and latent failures may interact to create a window for accidentsto occur.  Latent failures set the stage for the accident while active failures tend to be thecatalyst for the accident to finally occur.  A good way to think of this model of accidentcreation is as slices of Swiss cheese.  Each slice can be thought of as a defense to anaccident (training, good management, teamwork, etc.) and each hole is a failure in thatdefense.  The last slice is the final action which could serve as a defense  before theaccident event.  The failure in that defense would constitute the active failureprecipitating the accident. If the defenses to a situation contain a sufficient number offailures, which allow the holes to “line up,”  an accident will occur.(5)Differences between active and latent failures cannot be over emphasized;each type of error helps to shape the type of training required to correct them.  Forexample, because of the immediate demands and consequences of their actions, flightpersonnel require training that includes the psychomotor aspects of physical skills such asimproving reaction time in emergency training.  The strict physical requirements foremployment as a flight officer demonstrate this emphasis clearly.  On the other hand,maintenance personnel may require human factors and operations training to account fortheir susceptibility to latent failures.  In addition, the range of physical activities ofmaintenance personnel  on the job also requires emphasis on workplace ergonomics.  Forexample, maintenance personnel may be asked to lift heavy objects, work in awkwardpositions, or perform tasks in extreme weather conditions.  These difficult workconditions all require knowledge of ergonomics to ensure safe, error-free performance.Though CRM and MRM share the basic concepts of error prevention, the content of whatis taught is specific to what is actually performed on the job.d.Safety Culture.(1)Knowledge about complex systems alone only goes so far in mitigatinghuman error.  To combat error, an organization must teach not just how error may beavoided, but also it must adopt attitudes that promote safety above all else.  Variousresearchers call these attitudes an organization’s safety culture and identify top-levelorganizational support as the main predictor of a positive safety culture.  Put briefly, inorder for an organization to create and perpetuate a positive safety culture, seniormanagement must take certain actions, such as:(a)Setting standards and expectations and providing resources to meet them.(b)Developing and enforcing  standards  that emphasize safe work practice.(c)Setting up meaningful incentive programs that reward safe and reliablebehavior either monetarily or through other means such as days off, or awards ofrecognition for a job well done.(2)An MRM training program provides personnel with the tools to assess andchange their own behaviors to work safer and reduce human error.  Unlike other safety
 
−
9/28/00AC 120-72Par 8Page 9programs, MRM is most effective when ALL employees are oriented toward a positivesafety culture.  Therefore, employees of all levels (upper-level managers included) areencouraged to participate and are trained alongside maintenance personnel.(3)MRM trains personnel to use the resources of their positions to encouragesafe operations.  For example, managers learn that a positive safety culture can only befostered if line employees are provided the necessary resources to do their jobs correctly.Line employees must be given the tools that teach them how to do their jobs withouterror.  As an example, upper-level managers provide and control resources such as thenumber of aircraft serviced at one time, the selection of employees to do the work, andthe tools with which to perform the necessary tasks.  Safety itself, however, is rooted inthe actual behaviors of maintenance personnel in the hanger (or on the line).  MRMtraining teaches employees what behaviors are best to use.  MRM training also helpsmanagers understand how their own choices affect which  behaviors are ultimately used .In this way, the entire organization becomes oriented towards safe, error-freeperformance.9.MRM CONCEPTS.a.Though MRM includes more than  training,  training is the foundation uponwhich the program is built.  MRM training teaches maintenance personnel specificconcepts, both theoretical and applied.  Management commitment to a positive safetyculture allows maintenance personnel to put into practice the concepts they learn.  Thissection presents and defines MRM concepts in terms of the maintenance environment.  Inaddition, supplemental information on each implementation of a skill is also provided asa sample of the content of an MRM training program.b.This section and Appendix 1, the sample training course, were written withrelatively large maintenance and repair stations in mind; some of the large working grouppractices may not apply in small stations.c.Those people familiar with CRM training will see similarities with the skillstaught in  MRM training.  These similarities lie mostly in the broad areas of resourcemanagement such as communication, team building, workload management, andsituational awareness.  However, MRM is tailored to fit the unique demands of themaintenance community; its content specifically addresses their problems. The followingsections discuss briefly each of the components of MRM.d.Human Factors knowledge.(1)Understanding the maintenance operation as a system.  An understandingof the systemic nature of the maintenance operation is vital to understanding how one’sindividual actions affect the whole organization.  A person who understands the bigpicture is more apt to think things through before acting.
 
−
AC 120-729/28/00Par 9Page 10(2)Identifying and understanding basic Human Factors issues.  BasicHuman Factors concepts are also taught in the course of MRM training.  These conceptstypically include human perception and cognition, workplace and task design, groupbehavior (norms), and ergonomics.  However, this list is far from exhaustive and theconcepts taught should be tailored to meet the needs of each particular audience.(3)Recognizing contributing causes to human errors.  A basic primer onhuman error is a key component to MRM training.  By understanding the interactionbetween organizational, work group, and individual factors that may lead to errors andaccidents, maintenance personnel can learn to prevent or manage them proactively in thefuture.  Reason’s model provides a good foundation for human error theory; however,many other models of human error exist, such as the “Dirty Dozen” scenarios.  These canalso be adapted for use in MRM training.e.Communication Skills.(1)  Communication remains the backbone of both CRM and MRM, but specificaspects of communication are different in each work environment.  Mechanics, crewleads, supervisors, and inspectors all must have the knowledge and skills to communicateeffectively.  A lack of proper communication can have any or all of the followingundesired consequences:(a)The quality of work and performance may be reduced.(b)Time and money may be lost as errors occur because importantinformation is not communicated or messages are misinterpreted.(c)Improper communication may cause frustration and high levels of stress.(2)  People communicate in many different ways, however  this AC, will considerthree broad forms of communication:(a)Verbal communication, which relates to  the spoken word, whether faceto face or through some electronic medium such as a phone, radio, loud speaker, etc.(b)Non-verbal communication, commonly referred to as “body language.”Whether you wave, smile, or wink, you are communicating a message to otherindividuals.(c)Written or asynchronous communciation which includes everything thatis memorialized in writing or in electronic form, such as publications, letters, forms,signs, e-mail, etc.(3)  Most people associate communication with verbal communication.  Formaintenance personnel, communication encompasses much more than inter-team verbalinteraction.  Communication not only includes face-to-face interaction, but also
 
  
 
===Module 2. Human errors===
 
===Module 2. Human errors===
 +
:[[Human error]], [[active failure]], [[latent failure]]
  
 
===Module 3. Human factors elements===
 
===Module 3. Human factors elements===
−
===Module 4. Chain of events===
+
:[[Dirty Dozen of Human Factors]], [[lack of resources]], [[lack of knowledge]]
−
===Module 5. Safety nets===
+
 
−
===Module 6. Norms===
+
===Module 4. Effective communication===
−
===Module 7. Effective communication===
+
:[[Communication]], [[asynchronous communication]], [[synchronous communication]], [[lack of communication]]
 +
 
 +
===Module 5. Norms===
 +
:[[Norms]], [[mental model]], [[classroom norms]]
 +
 
 +
===Module 6. Teamwork===
 +
:[[Team]], [[inter-team]], [[intra-team]], [[teamwork]], [[leadership]], [[authoritarian leader]], [[participatory leader]], [[lack of teamwork]]
 +
 
 +
===Module 7. Stress management===
 +
:[[Stress]], [[stressor]], [[pressure]]
 +
 
 +
===Module 8. Situation awareness===
 +
:[[Situational awareness]], [[team situational awareness]], [[lack of awareness]].
 +
 
 +
===Module 9. Task challenges===
 +
:[[Fatigue]], [[distraction]], [[complacency]], [[assertiveness]], [[lack of assertiveness]], [[egalitarian]]
 +
 
 +
===Module 10. Safety culture===
 +
:[[Chain of events]], [[safety nets]], [[safety culture]], [[instructional systems design]]
 +
 
 +
==Reasons to study==
 +
When students of the [[Aviation Maintenance Management Program]] were asked about the their reasons to study MRM, the following answers were collected:
 +
#"At first, the MRM was thought as the variant of the CRM, but there are many difference between them.It pays more attention to the role of safety and is more effective for some passive and hard to find problems by human. At the time,MRM is concerned about some opinions: Equipment design and manufacture; Manufacturers' documentation and procedure writing; Airline procedures and work areas;Airplane mechanic training and performance. And it don't like CRM, MRM can spend more time on maintaining. Because of that,we must have some learn about it. I think it's necessary."
 +
#"well, I would like to talk about my personal point. Firstly, to achieve the purpose of being a excellent and reliable maintainer, we should know all the stuff about MRM. Besides, I think it is helpful for us to learn English, we can through this course familiar the English environment in advance. In addition, the teacher Gary is full of humor, I like his class. Don't know why some people don't focus on at all."
 +
#"Firstly, MRM is the abbreviation of maintenance resource management. Then, maintenance resource management is a theory, method and technical system of air transport safety management put forward and developed by foreign aviation safety and maintenance experts in recent ten years. Finally, I hope that the study of this course can help me in my study and future work, so that I can have sufficient understanding and long-term development in aviation maintenance and future work."
 +
#First, learning this course is a necessary academic requirement for me, which can help me better connect with my courses in the United States. Second, mastering this course in work can reduce the human error in aircraft inspection and maintenance process and improve the safety level of aircraft maintenance.
 +
#"Personally，I think there are three main reasons for learning MRM. Initially，safety considered to be of great significance. We manage the resources like materials, pilots and mechanics to guarantee the safety of customers while flying. Secondly, profits should also be taken into consideration. Airlines and airports are commercial company, they don not want to lose money. we should prepare for the best use of all resources properly. What is more, l am learning this course to open my mind and embrace the obstacles and future"
 +
#In my opinion, it can help us to learn some skills about management, expand our ability about aviation. Besides that, learn the management can give us more choices about future job instead of limiting to specialized courses about engineering. Finally, it can help us to reduce accidents caused by negligence in the future work. And I think the last point is the most important one, it is linked to many people’s safety and life.
 +
#Well, from my point of view. Studying the MRM-maintenance resource management have several reasons. Firstly, by studying the MRM we can prevent the possibility of latent failure and we could also improve the safety rate. Secondly, I think the aim of learning this subject is to reduce the human error in aircraft inspection and improve the safety level of aircraft maintenance. Last but not least, learning this course can also improve ourselves.
 +
#"in my option to study MRM reduce the harm from an air crash. so if we learn it, I think that we will have communicated with each other more effective. Because I just read that MRM cares about the collective view system, including maintenance technicians, managers, and employees, to improve aviation safety quality. So as aviation major student we must to learn it to reduce the crash"
 +
#Because we take charge of the federal maintenance that MRM can do us a favor of the better management of the tools from the planes. Our work can make up a system by MRM that it can be more detailed and careful to ensure passengers’ safety.
 +
#"The purpose of maintenance resource management is to reduce human errors in aircraft inspection and maintenance，improve aircraft maintenance. This course is to study the research results and successful experimental experience of maintenance resource management and its training courses abroad"
 +
#I think it may be a very important tool in team work. You should know how to use the resource an how to management. Maintenance Resource Management (MRM) training is an aircraft maintenance variant on Crew Resource Management (CRM). Although the term MRM was used for several years following CRM's introduction. For my major, it might be the useful one for me to learn and it is beneficial for my future job. So, that is the reason for me to learn MRM
 +
#Because we choose this major-- aeronautical maintenance. It is indispensable that our major needs MRM. So undoubtedly, we study MRM. 
 +
#Maintenance resource management is the theory, method and technical system of aviation transportation safety management proposed and developed by foreign aviation safety and maintenance experts in the past decade. I hope to reduce human errors in aircraft inspection and maintenance process and improve aircraft maintenance safety level by learning MRM in future work.
 +
#I think learning this course can reduce the occupation of inventory space, reduce the total cost of inventory, make effective use of resources and reduce capital consumption. At the same time, make the list clear and reduce the labor consumption. 
 +
#it helps me to deal with problems in order. prevent me from worrying about which problem 
 +
#Because with the help of MRM we can manage our maintenance resources properly and in this way we can improve worker's efficiency dramatically. Managing properly can help us find resources we want faster
 +
#Aviation maintenance errors are one of the most important causes that cause or directly lead to flight accidents. Based on the analysis of changes in aviation maintenance environment, the author constructed a framework for classifying and analyzing the causes of maintenance errors based on the Reason model, and based on the actual situation of aircraft maintenance, preliminarily coded the unsafe behaviors, the preconditions of unsafe behaviors, unsafe management and organizational factors included in the framework. This paper also briefly discusses the management technology of maintenance errors and points out that compiling detailed error classification and analysis coding system with the help of the framework is the direction of development.
 +
#"Maintenance resource management is the theory, method and technical system of air transport safety management put forward and developed by foreign aviation safety and maintenance experts in recent ten years. Aviation maintenance errors are one of the most important causes that cause or directly lead to flight accidents. Aviation maintenance error is one of the important causes that cause or directly lead to civil aviation flight accidents"
 +
#because from this course I can learn how to manage the resources of maintenance
 +
#In my opinion, the reason why we need to learn maintenance resource management is that we can better and more safely engage in aviation repair work. You need to know that if we don't manage these resources well, it may cause irreparable accidents.
 +
#Maintenance resource management is one of the important ways to solve the human factors affecting aviation safety maintenance. Based on the literature, this paper reviews the development process of maintenance resource management, introduces the research status and future research direction of maintenance resource management at home and abroad.
 +
#Because if we don not learn this course, it will be impossible for us to be a successful flight engineer and it will also be impossible for us to fix a airplane successfully
 +
#MRM is a compulsory course in our course, and it is also a course that will be more convenient for us to work in the airport in the future. He is able to let us know more about the maintenance so that we can better play our level of service in our work
 +
#Maintenance involves a variety of things. Learning from MRM, we can try our best to reduce human failure and make aircraft safe, which is a pretty significant errand related to many people's life.The knowledge gained from MRM helps us determine the root cause of an incident and to identify ways that we can prevent incidents in the future. 
 +
#In the process of the project, the effective use of mechanical equipment for work, to improve the efficiency of the project, to ensure that the project can be completed in the shortest time, has a positive role in promoting. In order to ensure that in the process of application of mechanical equipment, mechanical equipment can play a good role in construction projects, it is necessary to be able to carry out scientific management of mechanical equipment. In the process of construction, if the mechanical equipment is not maintained in time, it will lead to the operation failure of the equipment, which will lead to potential safety hazards, which is very unfavorable for the mechanical equipment to reflect its advantages and functions, and cause serious constraints on production and construction. This paper analyzes the main contents, existing problems and importance of mechanical equipment maintenance management, and puts forward effective measures to solve these practical problems.
 +
#Because with the help of this technology, we can learn a lot of skills to make us know more about our major and do much better work.
 +
#Because our major need to use it and in our future its very important in our jobs. It's more effective. 
 +
#MRM is one of my professional skill lesson, and it score will decide if I can go aboard to further my study. Moreover, I am interested in machine 
 +
#Reduce aircraft maintenance errors
 +
#"It's important for our future job. If we don't learn, we will lose"
 +
#Because of the development of technology, MRM is important for us
 +
 
 +
==Program-level requirements==
 +
===Assessment plan===
 +
:{|class="wikitable" width=100% style="text-align:center;"
 +
|X
 +
!Assessment requirements!!Reference answers and scoring criteria!!Proportion
 +
|-
 +
!X1
 +
|Group case / discussion / presentation||||40%
 +
|-
 +
!X2
 +
|Class participation, critical review of management article, refreshment quizzes, attendance||||20%
 +
|-
 +
!X3
 +
|Exam||For the answers, please see the attachment and score according to the correct answer rate on the test paper.||40%
 +
|}
 +
:Note: The order of X is consistent with the syllabus.
 +
 
 +
===Assessment requirements===
 +
:In-class examination will be given according to the correct rate of examination paper.
 +
:*Quiz 1 -- Modules 1-2
 +
:*Quiz 2 -- Modules 3
 +
:*Quiz 3 -- Modules 4
 +
:*Quiz 4 -- Modules 5
 +
:*Quiz 5 -- Modules 6
 +
:*Quiz 6 -- Modules 7
 +
:*Quiz 7 -- Modules 8
 +
:*Quiz 8 -- Modules 9-10
 +
:*Final Exam -- All the modules
 +
 
 +
==Prerequisite==
 +
As the first college-level writing course, this class prepares students to write the full essay required in college coursework. Through the analysis of primarily non-fiction essays students learn how to consider audience, voice and purpose across the curriculum.

Latest revision as of 00:53, 16 March 2023

Maintenance Resource Management (hereinafter, the Course) is the course delivered by Vaughn College of Aeronautics and Technology as Vaughn College AAM490 and Shanghai Jian Qiao University as a part of its Aviation Maintenance Management Program in order to cover maintenance resource management concepts. English writing is the prerequisite to the Course.


Description

The aviation maintenance technician's work environment encompasses a wide variety of tasks. MRM will be used to enhance the safety culture of an aviation organization by encouraging a profound awareness of safety issues. Safety program failure is indicated by occupational injuries, ground damage, accidents, incidents, decreased reliability and airworthiness.

Course objectives

Students will learn the objective of the Dirty Dozen of Human Factors and the results of the chain reaction effect dealing with human factors. The students will also understand the relation of human factors related to the everyday operations in aviation. Students will also have an understanding of how a maintenance organization is composed of, the difficulties and the handling of daily maintenance non-routine issues and how scheduled maintenance is accomplished and maintained.
This will help the students to fulfill the concept of Maintenance Resource Management.

Course outcomes

Students will have a good understanding of how maintenance management works, the fundamentals in building a successful maintenance organization and its relation to human factors. Students will work together to develop there skills in managing an overnight workload and the handling of multiple aircraft at one time. They will also have grasp the concept of scheduling work and the effect when the scheduling is disrupted and what is required to get back on track. This class environment will aid the students when applying to companies that handle aviation maintenance as they will have the knowledge on how the system works and its applications to the maintenance environment. This knowledge will excel their chances for advancement in the industry.

Course requirements

Student must follow the online course attendance policy in order to receive attendance credit for the week. 15 different sign-in application is the requirement.
  • Assignments: As directed by the instructor on a weekly basis with a written essay response for each assignment. Fourteen assignments over the fifteen week course.
  • Final test. Quizzes added at the instructors discretion.

Required text

  • Human Factors in Aviation, Second Edition Eduardo Salas (Editor), Dan Maurino (Editor), ISBN 978-0123-74518-7

Suggested texts

Required materials

Textbooks, pen, notebook, colored highlighter pens. No additional materials required unless specified by the instructor or directed by the weekly assignments.

Grading policy

Area Percentage
Assignments 40%
Class participation, critical review of a maintenance resource management article, refreshment quizzes, attendance 20%
Exam 40%
Total 100%

Late work policy

If a student turns in an assignment following the scheduled due date, the student will receive minimal feedback and a lower grade. Assignments turned in late will be assessed with a grade penalty. Late work will not be accepted if overdue by more than seven days.

Academic honesty

The College is committed to ensuring quality and integrity in all its academic and evaluative activities. A learning environment that promotes high academic standards is beneficial to students and faculty alike. Academic dishonesty such as cheating and plagiarism is in opposition to the values and mission of the institution and will not be tolerated.

Disability support services

It is the policy and practice of the College to promote inclusive learning environments. If you have a documented disability, you may be eligible for reasonable accommodations in compliance with the College policy, the Americans with Disabilities Act, and/ or Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. Please note, students should not negotiate accommodations directly with professors; however, professors may assist students in providing information about the self- identification process and the College-based services.

Absences and lateness

Regular attendance is essential for satisfactory academic performance. Institutional policy mandates students missing more than three classes are subject to an overall grade decrease. Students are also advised that additional attendance requirements may be mandated depending on the faculty member and/ or the department from which a particular course is taken. The final grade in any subject may be reduced in proportion to the number of unexcused absences.

Discrimination and harassment

The College does not discriminate on the basis of age, race, color, creed, religion, national origin, citizenship status, gender, sexual orientation, marital status, disability, or status as a military veteran, or for any other category recognized by local, state or federal law. In the programs, activities, and services offered, including but not limited to admissions, recognition of performance, and achievement, which the College provides to students, staff, and applicants, it continually strives to maintain a nondiscriminatory environment.

Course modules

The course schedule established for this semester is a guide. The schedule is subject to change and will vary accordingly. After the 10-module schedule all required material will be covered and reviewed for the final exam.

Module 1. Overview of MRM

Maintenance resource management, crew resource management, ergonomics, human factors

Module 2. Human errors

Human error, active failure, latent failure

Module 3. Human factors elements

Dirty Dozen of Human Factors, lack of resources, lack of knowledge

Module 4. Effective communication

Communication, asynchronous communication, synchronous communication, lack of communication

Module 5. Norms

Norms, mental model, classroom norms

Module 6. Teamwork

Team, inter-team, intra-team, teamwork, leadership, authoritarian leader, participatory leader, lack of teamwork

Module 7. Stress management

Stress, stressor, pressure

Module 8. Situation awareness

Situational awareness, team situational awareness, lack of awareness.

Module 9. Task challenges

Fatigue, distraction, complacency, assertiveness, lack of assertiveness, egalitarian

Module 10. Safety culture

Chain of events, safety nets, safety culture, instructional systems design

Reasons to study

When students of the Aviation Maintenance Management Program were asked about the their reasons to study MRM, the following answers were collected:

  1. "At first, the MRM was thought as the variant of the CRM, but there are many difference between them.It pays more attention to the role of safety and is more effective for some passive and hard to find problems by human. At the time,MRM is concerned about some opinions: Equipment design and manufacture; Manufacturers' documentation and procedure writing; Airline procedures and work areas;Airplane mechanic training and performance. And it don't like CRM, MRM can spend more time on maintaining. Because of that,we must have some learn about it. I think it's necessary."
  2. "well, I would like to talk about my personal point. Firstly, to achieve the purpose of being a excellent and reliable maintainer, we should know all the stuff about MRM. Besides, I think it is helpful for us to learn English, we can through this course familiar the English environment in advance. In addition, the teacher Gary is full of humor, I like his class. Don't know why some people don't focus on at all."
  3. "Firstly, MRM is the abbreviation of maintenance resource management. Then, maintenance resource management is a theory, method and technical system of air transport safety management put forward and developed by foreign aviation safety and maintenance experts in recent ten years. Finally, I hope that the study of this course can help me in my study and future work, so that I can have sufficient understanding and long-term development in aviation maintenance and future work."
  4. First, learning this course is a necessary academic requirement for me, which can help me better connect with my courses in the United States. Second, mastering this course in work can reduce the human error in aircraft inspection and maintenance process and improve the safety level of aircraft maintenance.
  5. "Personally，I think there are three main reasons for learning MRM. Initially，safety considered to be of great significance. We manage the resources like materials, pilots and mechanics to guarantee the safety of customers while flying. Secondly, profits should also be taken into consideration. Airlines and airports are commercial company, they don not want to lose money. we should prepare for the best use of all resources properly. What is more, l am learning this course to open my mind and embrace the obstacles and future"
  6. In my opinion, it can help us to learn some skills about management, expand our ability about aviation. Besides that, learn the management can give us more choices about future job instead of limiting to specialized courses about engineering. Finally, it can help us to reduce accidents caused by negligence in the future work. And I think the last point is the most important one, it is linked to many people’s safety and life.
  7. Well, from my point of view. Studying the MRM-maintenance resource management have several reasons. Firstly, by studying the MRM we can prevent the possibility of latent failure and we could also improve the safety rate. Secondly, I think the aim of learning this subject is to reduce the human error in aircraft inspection and improve the safety level of aircraft maintenance. Last but not least, learning this course can also improve ourselves.
  8. "in my option to study MRM reduce the harm from an air crash. so if we learn it, I think that we will have communicated with each other more effective. Because I just read that MRM cares about the collective view system, including maintenance technicians, managers, and employees, to improve aviation safety quality. So as aviation major student we must to learn it to reduce the crash"
  9. Because we take charge of the federal maintenance that MRM can do us a favor of the better management of the tools from the planes. Our work can make up a system by MRM that it can be more detailed and careful to ensure passengers’ safety.
  10. "The purpose of maintenance resource management is to reduce human errors in aircraft inspection and maintenance，improve aircraft maintenance. This course is to study the research results and successful experimental experience of maintenance resource management and its training courses abroad"
  11. I think it may be a very important tool in team work. You should know how to use the resource an how to management. Maintenance Resource Management (MRM) training is an aircraft maintenance variant on Crew Resource Management (CRM). Although the term MRM was used for several years following CRM's introduction. For my major, it might be the useful one for me to learn and it is beneficial for my future job. So, that is the reason for me to learn MRM
  12. Because we choose this major-- aeronautical maintenance. It is indispensable that our major needs MRM. So undoubtedly, we study MRM. 
  13. Maintenance resource management is the theory, method and technical system of aviation transportation safety management proposed and developed by foreign aviation safety and maintenance experts in the past decade. I hope to reduce human errors in aircraft inspection and maintenance process and improve aircraft maintenance safety level by learning MRM in future work.
  14. I think learning this course can reduce the occupation of inventory space, reduce the total cost of inventory, make effective use of resources and reduce capital consumption. At the same time, make the list clear and reduce the labor consumption. 
  15. it helps me to deal with problems in order. prevent me from worrying about which problem 
  16. Because with the help of MRM we can manage our maintenance resources properly and in this way we can improve worker's efficiency dramatically. Managing properly can help us find resources we want faster
  17. Aviation maintenance errors are one of the most important causes that cause or directly lead to flight accidents. Based on the analysis of changes in aviation maintenance environment, the author constructed a framework for classifying and analyzing the causes of maintenance errors based on the Reason model, and based on the actual situation of aircraft maintenance, preliminarily coded the unsafe behaviors, the preconditions of unsafe behaviors, unsafe management and organizational factors included in the framework. This paper also briefly discusses the management technology of maintenance errors and points out that compiling detailed error classification and analysis coding system with the help of the framework is the direction of development.
  18. "Maintenance resource management is the theory, method and technical system of air transport safety management put forward and developed by foreign aviation safety and maintenance experts in recent ten years. Aviation maintenance errors are one of the most important causes that cause or directly lead to flight accidents. Aviation maintenance error is one of the important causes that cause or directly lead to civil aviation flight accidents"
  19. because from this course I can learn how to manage the resources of maintenance
  20. In my opinion, the reason why we need to learn maintenance resource management is that we can better and more safely engage in aviation repair work. You need to know that if we don't manage these resources well, it may cause irreparable accidents.
  21. Maintenance resource management is one of the important ways to solve the human factors affecting aviation safety maintenance. Based on the literature, this paper reviews the development process of maintenance resource management, introduces the research status and future research direction of maintenance resource management at home and abroad.
  22. Because if we don not learn this course, it will be impossible for us to be a successful flight engineer and it will also be impossible for us to fix a airplane successfully
  23. MRM is a compulsory course in our course, and it is also a course that will be more convenient for us to work in the airport in the future. He is able to let us know more about the maintenance so that we can better play our level of service in our work
  24. Maintenance involves a variety of things. Learning from MRM, we can try our best to reduce human failure and make aircraft safe, which is a pretty significant errand related to many people's life.The knowledge gained from MRM helps us determine the root cause of an incident and to identify ways that we can prevent incidents in the future. 
  25. In the process of the project, the effective use of mechanical equipment for work, to improve the efficiency of the project, to ensure that the project can be completed in the shortest time, has a positive role in promoting. In order to ensure that in the process of application of mechanical equipment, mechanical equipment can play a good role in construction projects, it is necessary to be able to carry out scientific management of mechanical equipment. In the process of construction, if the mechanical equipment is not maintained in time, it will lead to the operation failure of the equipment, which will lead to potential safety hazards, which is very unfavorable for the mechanical equipment to reflect its advantages and functions, and cause serious constraints on production and construction. This paper analyzes the main contents, existing problems and importance of mechanical equipment maintenance management, and puts forward effective measures to solve these practical problems.
  26. Because with the help of this technology, we can learn a lot of skills to make us know more about our major and do much better work.
  27. Because our major need to use it and in our future its very important in our jobs. It's more effective. 
  28. MRM is one of my professional skill lesson, and it score will decide if I can go aboard to further my study. Moreover, I am interested in machine 
  29. Reduce aircraft maintenance errors
  30. "It's important for our future job. If we don't learn, we will lose"
  31. Because of the development of technology, MRM is important for us

Program-level requirements

Assessment plan

X Assessment requirements Reference answers and scoring criteria Proportion
X1 Group case / discussion / presentation 40%
X2 Class participation, critical review of management article, refreshment quizzes, attendance 20%
X3 Exam For the answers, please see the attachment and score according to the correct answer rate on the test paper. 40%
Note: The order of X is consistent with the syllabus.

Assessment requirements

In-class examination will be given according to the correct rate of examination paper.
  • Quiz 1 -- Modules 1-2
  • Quiz 2 -- Modules 3
  • Quiz 3 -- Modules 4
  • Quiz 4 -- Modules 5
  • Quiz 5 -- Modules 6
  • Quiz 6 -- Modules 7
  • Quiz 7 -- Modules 8
  • Quiz 8 -- Modules 9-10
  • Final Exam -- All the modules

Prerequisite

As the first college-level writing course, this class prepares students to write the full essay required in college coursework. Through the analysis of primarily non-fiction essays students learn how to consider audience, voice and purpose across the curriculum.

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