Difference between revisions of "Book of Employment"

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(Industries and Specialties)
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==Outline==
 
==Outline==
 
''In the [[CNM Cyber Orientation]], the [[CNM_Cyber_Orientation#Orientation_Preview|Orientation Preview]] is the predecessor session.''
 
''In the [[CNM Cyber Orientation]], the [[CNM_Cyber_Orientation#Orientation_Preview|Orientation Preview]] is the predecessor session.''
 
===Industries and Specialties===
 
:''Main wikipage: [[Industries and Specialties]]''
 
 
:'''[[Economy]]'''. The system of human production and consumption of [[raw material]]s, goods, and services, which may range from the prosperity of a single household to the wealth of nations. The term, [[economy]], may also refer to the way of how wealth is generally created and used or, particularly, to the careful use and management of money, time, energy, etc.<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
 
:*'''[[Public sector]]''' ([[state sector]]).
 
:*'''[[Private sector]]''' ([[citizen sector]]).
 
:*'''[[Nonprofit sector]]''' ([[civic sector]], [[community sector]], [[social sector]], [[third sector]], [[voluntary sector]]). </div>
 
 
:'''[[Economy segment]]'''. An area of the [[economy]]. Two major conventional classifications divide [[enterprise]]s in:<ol type="a"><li>Three groups, the [[public sector]], [[private sector]], and [[nonprofit sector]], depending on their ownership.</li><li>Three or four groups, the [[primary sector]], [[secondary sector]], [[tertiary sector]], and, optionally, [[quaternary sector]], in which [[enterprise]]s are grouped based on a type of produced [[product]]s. This classification also fits into economic phases of precedence, since lower levels of the [[economy]] emerged before higher levels and higher levels depend on lower ones. However, every [[enterprise]] usually produces some mix of products, so it can belong to several ''segments''.</li></ol>Both classifications use the same term, ''sector.'' Neither of the classifications takes single households into account.<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
 
:*'''[[Primary sector]]''' ([[primary degree of the economy]], [[primary stage of the economy]], [[raw materials industry]]). The [[economy segment]] that groups those [[enterprise]]s that extract from nature, renew, and pre-process those [[raw material]]s or substances such as agriculture and mining products that the [[manufacturing industry]] will further process to create those goods and services that can be eventually consumed by [[end-user]]s.
 
:*'''[[Secondary sector]]''' ([[secondary degree of the economy]], [[secondary stage of the economy]]). The [[economy segment]] that groups those [[enterprise]]s that produce physical goods to be eventually consumed by [[end-user]]s.
 
:*'''[[Tertiary sector]]''' ([[tertiary degree of the economy]], [[tertiary stage of the economy]]). The [[economy segment]] that groups those [[enterprise]]s that produce physical, non-digital services such as retail, tourism, traditional banking, entertainment, etc.
 
:*'''[[Quaternary sector]]''' ([[quaternary degree of the economy]], [[quaternary stage of the economy]]). One of two:<ol type="a"><li>The [[information technology industry]] or [[economy segment]] that groups those [[enterprise]]s that produce digital products; OR</li><li>The [[economy segment]] that groups those [[enterprise]]s that do research and design new products.</li></ol></div>
 
 
:'''[[Industry]]'''. The part of any [[economy segment]] that groups those [[enterprise]]s that create a particular type of [[product]].<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
 
:*'''[[Industry relations]]'''. The systematic study of [[attitude]]s, [[motivation]]s, and [[behavior]]s that two or more [[legal entity|legal entiti]]es within the same [[industry]] assume toward each another.
 
:*'''[[Industry constituency]]'''. Any group of [[legal entity|legal entiti]]es that are involved in, served by, patronize, support, offer representation, or are likely to be involved, served, patronize, support, or offer representation for a particular [[industry]].</div>
 
:'''[[Industrial classification]]'''. Any economic taxonomy that groups [[business]]es based on their products and/or production processes, as well as on their selling, marketing, and/or social appealing techniques into [[industry|industri]]es. There are a few taxonomies; [[CNM Cyber]] utilizes its own [[CNM industry classification]].<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
 
:*'''[[Raw materials industry]]'''. An alternative name for the [[primary sector]].
 
:*'''[[Infrastructure industry]]'''. The [[industry]] that groups those [[enterprise]]s that supply and present all substances, materials, and properties such as energy, water, buildings, and roads that human beings, other entities, and their equipment are needed to function, as well as dispose and/or utilize the processed substances, materials, and properties. This industry includes both construction and utility [[enterprise]]s.
 
:*'''[[Manufacturing industry]]'''. The [[industry]] that groups those [[enterprise]]s that process [[raw material]]s into those goods and services such as food, clothing, paper, and machinery, that can be eventually consumed by [[end-user]]s.
 
:*'''[[Transportation industry]]'''. The [[industry]] that groups those [[enterprise]]s that deliver human beings and goods from one geographical point to another. In addition to transport [[enterprise]]s, this industry includes [[warehouse|warehousing]] and postal services.
 
:*'''[[Digital industry]]'''. The [[industry]] that groups those [[enterprise]]s that produce software and/or provide their customers with software-based services such as broadcasting, telecommunication, multimedia, data processing.
 
:*'''[[Market exchange industry]]'''. The [[industry]] that groups those [[enterprise]]s that buy, sell, and/or support the market exchange of products that have been produced by other entities. This industry includes franchising, real estate, [[wholesale trade|wholesale]], [[retail trade]] [[enterprise]]s.
 
:*'''[[Enterprise support industry]]'''. The [[industry]] that groups those [[enterprise]]s that support [[enterprise effort]]s through banking, insurance, investment management, accounting, management consulting, and legal services.
 
:*'''[[Public service industry]]'''. The [[industry]] that groups those [[enterprise]]s that provide the general public with defense, public administration, public safety, and compulsory social security services.
 
:*'''[[Healthcare industry]]'''. The [[industry]] that groups those [[enterprise]]s that provide their customers with pharmacy and medical services.
 
:*'''[[Human development industry]]'''. The [[industry]] that groups those [[enterprise]]s that provide its customers with educational, training, or community outreach services.
 
:*'''[[Living-sustaining industry]]'''. The [[industry]] that groups those [[enterprise]]s that provide its customers with cleaning, entertainment, library, recreation, rental, tourism, wellness and other living-sustaining services.</div>
 
 
:'''[[Professional specialty]]'''. A subject that is the area of expertise of some professional.<div style="background-color:#efefef; padding: 5px; margin: 15px;">
 
:*'''[[Arts professional]]'''. The [[professional]] who engages in the creative [[art]]s for a living.
 
:*'''[[Finance professional]]'''. The [[professional]] who engages in finance for a living.
 
:*'''[[Health professional]]'''. The [[professional]] who engages in health care and wellness for a living.
 
:*'''[[Human development professional]]'''. The [[professional]] who engages in human development for a living.
 
:*'''[[Information professional]]'''. The [[professional]] who engages in the for information administration, ownership, and/or management a living.
 
:*'''[[Law professional]]'''. The [[professional]] who engages in the law for a living.
 
:*'''[[Marketplace professional]]'''. The [[professional]] who engages in the market exchanges for a living.
 
:*'''[[Media professional]]'''. The [[professional]] who engages in the media for a living.
 
:*'''[[Project professional]]'''. The [[professional]] who engages in project administration, ownership, and/or management for a living.
 
:*'''[[Property administrator]]'''. The [[professional]] who engages in property administration for a living.
 
:*'''[[Research professional]]'''. The [[professional]] who engages in the research for a living.</div>
 
  
 
===Nature of Occupations===
 
===Nature of Occupations===

Revision as of 01:29, 30 April 2020

The Introduction to Employment (hereinafter, the Session) is the learning session that has been created to introduce its participants to employment and related topics. The Session consists of six lessons, each of which is made of three to six lectios. At CNM Cyber, a lectio is a lesson part. Every lectio includes a presentation and a one question, either a quiz or survey.

The official version of the Session is published at CNM Cert. The Session materials are also published at CNM Tube, CNM Wiki, and various channels for marketing and convenience purposes.

The Session belongs to the Career-Overview Sessions of the CNM Cyber Orientation.


Summaries

Predecessor

The predecessor session is CNM Cyber Welcome Session.

Outline

Introduction to Employment
# Lessons Lectios
1 Employment Essentials
2 Industries and Specialties
3 Nature of Occupations
4 Work Environments
5 Work Competences
6 Labor Regulations

Successor

The successor session is Introduction to Recruitment.

See also

Outline

In the CNM Cyber Orientation, the Orientation Preview is the predecessor session.

Nature of Occupations

Main wikipage: Nature of Occupations; video (6:09)
Occupation. The regular activity that a person undertakes to earn his or her livelihood. That activity can be a job, profession, or position that somebody works in. Entrepreneurs may acknowledge their occupation as self-employed.
Occupation list. Any attempt to classify various occupations. No one can be considered 'complete' or 'final.'
  • Assistant. Someone who helps someone else to do a job. As an adjective, this term can also be used to indicate that someone holds a less important position in an organization than another person without this adjective, assistant, in his or her job title.
  • Clerk. Someone who works in an office, dealing with records and/or performing general customer support and/or document management duties.
  • Consultant. Someone who advises other people and/or enterprises on one or more particular subjects. A consultant can also be defined as a specialist and social worker combined. Advanced consultants tend to be subject matter experts on the one hand and skilled in working with people on the other hand.
  • Laborer. Someone who does physical work, which requires those KSAs that can be learned fast and easily.
  • Manager. Someone who achieves those goals that are assigned to him or her through his or her subordinates.
  • Operator. Someone who makes something like machinery or other equipment work or puts something into action.
  • Originator. Someone who creates and shapes new concepts, as well as makes them real or participates in the developments of real deliverables often as a product owner.
  • Service worker (social service worker, pink-collar worker). Someone whose labor is related to social interaction and/or other service-oriented work. Service workers can be engaged in customer support, entertainment, sales, social work, etc.
  • Specialist. Someone who has significant experience, knowledge, or skill in a particular subject.
  • Technician. Someone whose job is to make sure that machinery, other equipment, and pieces of technology such as laboratories work correctly, which may include making them work if they don't.
  • Trades worker. Someone who is practically skilled in some area of advanced physical work like carpentering, construction, equipment installing, plumbing, printing, and welding, carries out his or her work by hand and has learned his or her skill completely or primarily on the job in at least one year and, usually, from some mentor.
Holland Occupational Themes. Consultant, manager, specialist.

Work Environments

Main wikipage: Work Environments; video (5:29)
Work arrangement. An agreement to arrange one's work schedule, method, or load.
  • Compressed workweek. A workweek where employees work longer hours per day but fewer days per week.
  • Flextime (or flexible work hours). A scheduling system in which employees are required to work a specific number of hours a week but are free to vary those hours within certain limits.
  • Telecommuting. Working remotely at least 2 days a week on a computer that is linked to the employer's office.
  • Job sharing. (1) An arrangement that allows two or more individuals to split a full-time job; (2) The practice of having 1).
Job characteristics model. The framework for analyzing and designing jobs that identifies five core job dimensions, their interrelationships, and their impact on outcomes. These core job dimensions include skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback.
  • Skill variety. The degree to which a job requires a variety of activities so that an employee can use several different skills and talents.
  • Task identity. The degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work.
  • Task significance. The degree to which a job has a substantial impact on the lives or work of other people.
  • Autonomy. The degree to which a job provides substantial freedom, independence, and discretion to the individual in scheduling work and determining the procedures to be used in carrying it out.
  • Feedback. The degree to which carrying out the work activities required by job results in the individual obtaining direct and clear information about the effectiveness of his or her performance.
Task structure. A set of structural job characteristics with which the worker interacts.
  • Consequence of error. How serious would the result usually be if the worker made a mistake that was not readily correctable?
  • Degree of automation. How automated is the job?
  • Freedom to make decisions. How much decision making freedom, without supervision, does the job offer?
  • Frequency of decision-making. How frequently is the worker required to make decisions that affect other people, the financial resources, and/or the image and reputation of the organization?
  • Impact on enterprise. What results do your decisions usually have on other people or the image or reputation or financial resources of your employer?
  • Importance of being exact (or accurate). How important is being very exact or highly accurate in performing this job?
  • Importance of repeating same tasks. How important is repeating the same physical activities (e.g., key entry) or mental activities (e.g., checking entries in a ledger) over and over, without stopping, to performing this job?
  • Level of competition. To what extent does this job require the worker to compete or to be aware of competitive pressures?
  • Structured versus unstructured work. To what extent is this job structured for the worker, rather than allowing the worker to determine tasks, priorities, and goals?
  • Time pressure. How often does this job require the worker to meet strict deadlines? How important is it to this job that the pace is determined by the speed of equipment or machinery? (This does not refer to keeping busy at all times on this job.)
  • Work schedule. How regular are the work schedules for this job and what is the number of hours typically worked in one week?
  • Work virtualization. The degree to which work is done remotely rather than at some specific physical location.

Work Competences

Main wikipage: Work Competences; video (3:49)
Work-related competence. Competence needed to perform productively in a particular occupation and, often, in a particular industry.
Administrative competence. Competence needed to undertake enterprise efforts conceptually, regardless of specific industry or occupation.

Labor Regulations

Main wikipage: Labor Regulations
Labor law (labour law, employment law). A set of government rules that regulate relationships between employees, employers, trade unions and the government. Government agencies usually enforce that set of laws.
Whistleblower. A person who exposes secretive information or activity that is deemed illegal or unethical. In some countries, labor laws protect whistleblowers from potential retaliation that may otherwise include termination of employment, demotion, suspension, threats or harassment, and discrimination.
  • OSHA's Whistleblower Protection Program. The main application that is responsible for protecting the rights of employees, who may fear job loss or other reprisals if they speak up. Workers who feel they have suffered retribution for reporting company violations should file a complaint with their local OSHA office within 30 days of the incident.
  • Whistleblower Protection Act. The federal labor law that was initially enacted in 1989 and enhanced in 2012 that specifically protects those people who work for the United States Federal Government and report on illegal or improper activities conducted by this government or its parts.

Introduction to Recruitment is the successor session.

Preview presentations

Video

The video preview presentation, 1:11 minutes, is published at https://youtu.be/CBuSoaw11cQ. Here is its full text:

Preview of introduction to employment session. In employment session we will talk about employment in general, we will talk about different industries, we will touch a little bit labor law. Labor law can be a separate course, we will touch different employment roles including employees and private contractors, self-employed, apprentice and volunteers, we will talk and classify different occupations. We will discuss work environments including employment motivation model, job characteristics model. We will talk about task structures and we will end up with competencies needed at work including occupation-required competencies, industry related and we will end up with administrative competencies. Next we will go to introduction to recruitment as a successor session.

Web

See also